Table 3.
Bone resorption biomarkers.
| Boneresorption markers | Tissue origin | Sample | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydroxyproline (HYP) | Bone, skin, cartilage, soft tissue | Urine | Non-specific bone resorption biomarker of collagen turnover |
| Hydroxylysine (HYL) | Bone, Skin, Soft tissue and serum complement | Urine | Non-specific bone resorption biomarker of collagen turnover |
| Pyridinoline (PYD) | Bone, Tendon, Cartilage | Urine | Non-specific bone resorption biomarker |
| Deoxypyridinoline (DPD) | Bone, Dentine | Urine | Specific biomarker for bone resorption |
| Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) | Bone, calcified cartilage, Dentine, cementum | Serum | Resorption biomarker for osteoporosis assessment. |
| Osteopontin | Bone, Blood | Serum | BRM; Prognosis of PMO |
| Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) | Bone, Blood | Plasma and serum | Enzyme marker for bone resorption |
| Carboxy-terminal crosslinkedtelopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) | Tissue contain COL1A1 | Urine, Serum | Bone resorption marker; Prognosis of PMO |
| Amino-terminal crosslinkedtelopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX-1) | Tissue contain COL1A1 | Urine (α- and β-isoform), Serum (β-isoform) | Bone resorption marker; Prognosis of PMO |
| Cathepsin K (CatK) | Bone, Blood | Serum | Specific biomarker for bone resorption |