Fig. 9.

Osteoinductive and osseointegration capacities of functionalized Ti-based materials in vivo. (a) Schematic diagram of the experiment in vivo. (b) Micro-CT was used to detect the quality of the regenerated bone around the implanted Ti rods containing different coatings after 8 weeks. (c) Comparison of the bone volume fraction (BV/TV %) of the implants of (b). (d) Comparison of the trabecular number (Tb. N 1/mm) of the implants of (b). (e) Representative histological images of Ti rob coated different coatings stained with toluidine blue. (f) The average histomorphometric values of bone-implant contact (BIC). Scale bars in (e) are 100 μm. N = 3, no significance noted as "ns", ***p < 0.001 using t-test. n = 3, no significance noted as "ns," *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 or ^###p < 0.001 compared with the Control group, using t-test. (Schematic illustration created with BioRender.com). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)