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. 2024 Mar 1;15:1357411. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1357411

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Copyright © 2024 Vivekanandhan, Alahmadi, Ansari and Subala.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Histological cross sections of fourth instar larvae of An. stephensi at 24 h post treatment with plant essential oil showed significant damage to the larval gut tissues. (A) Control larvae (without essential oil treatment); (B) Larval tissues of essential oil-treated larvae are abnormal compared to the control group, exhibiting vacuolated gut epithelium (epi), muscles (mu), nucleus (nu), and fat body (fb). The gut lumen (lu) and adipose tissue (ad) show brown granules, indicating fragmentation or damage caused by the essential oil. The scale bar size is 300 µm.