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. 2024 Mar 1;15:1357411. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1357411

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Copyright © 2024 Vivekanandhan, Alahmadi, Ansari and Subala.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Histological studies of Eudrilus eugeniae after 24 h of essential oil treatment revealed that minimal toxicity effects was observed in the essential oil treatment. In gut tissues, no sublethal effects of oils were observed. The histological studies revealed essential oil-treated earthworm gut cells similar to the negative control. In the control and oil treated gut tissues there is no cellular debris in the earthworm gut tissues, and the nuclei are round in shape. Similar outcomes were seen in the control treatment as well. The chemical insecticide monocrotophos (positive control) caused significant damage to gut tissues. (EPI = epidermis, SE = setae, IL = intestinal lumen, LM = longitudinal muscle, CO = coelom, CM = circular muscle, MI = mitochondrion). The scale bar size is 0.1 mm.