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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Oct 24;138(2):434–443. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.030

Figure 5. Enhanced mitochondrial, proliferation, and angiogenesis markers in aged diabetic pig wounds treated with valsartan.

Figure 5.

Higher mitochondrial Cox IV expression was found in wounds treated with daily valsartan gel. Treated wounds also exhibited higher levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and increased phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2. The photomicrographs present red or green fluorescent staining with a blue DAPI nuclear counter stain at ×63 magnification. Quantification of the levels in porcine wounds is shown. Total n = 12 wounds per treatment group. Scale bar, 10 μm (COX IV) or 20 μm (all others). The data are presented as the mean fluorescence intensity ± standard error of the mean. ****P < 0.0001.