Table 2.

Reduction of different PPC sectors during versus before the COVID-19 pandemic

PPC	Average change	95% CI	ANOVA p value	Subregion with fewer patients
Primary healthcare visits	−3.39%	Min. −4.14% Max. −2.64%	1.39×10−7	Scarborough South, East Toronto and Scarborough North
Childhood immunisation	−8.56%	Min. −11.1% Max. −6.01%	0.017	Scarborough South
Faecal cancer screening	28.77%	Min. 26.68% Max. 30.86%	0.026	Mid-East Toronto and North York West
Mammogram screening	−1.33%	Min. −3.82% Max. −1.16%	2.41×10−7	East Mississauga, Scarborough South and South Etobicoke
Pap smear screening	29.09%	Min. 26.56% Max. 31.62%	0.074	Mid-East Toronto and North York West

Average change: negative/positive values indicate that the number of patients has decreased/increased on average.

95% CI: negative/positive values indicate that the lower (min.) or upper (max.) bounds for the 95% CI is a decrease/increase compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic.

ANOVA p value: any value <0.05 indicates that at least one location is significantly different form the rest. Subregion with fewer patients: extracts the critical subregions that need special attention to recover.

ANOVA, analysis of variance; max., maximum; min., minimum; PPC, preventive and primary care.