Appendix 4.

Individual study results.

Study (authors)	Patient group	Timeframe (months)	Abstract (Yes/No)	Total SQ responses (n)	Mortality rate (%)	Sensitivity (95% CI)*	Specificity (95% CI)*
Barnes et al. 18	Cardiac disease	12	No	231	6.1	78.6 [52.4–92.4]	61.3 [54.7–67.5]
Moss et al. 21	Kidney disease	12	No	147	15.0	45.5 [26.9–65.3]	80.8 [73.0–86.7]
Cohen et al. 22 (derivation cohort)	Kidney disease	6	No	447	6.0	63.0 [44.2–78.5]	87.4 [83.9–90.2]
Cohen et al. 22 (validation cohort)	Kidney disease	6	No	427	8.4	47.2 [32.0–63.0]	89.8 [86.4–92.4]
Moss et al. 23	Cancer	12	No	826	8.6	76.1 [65.0–84.5]	89.8 [87.4–91.8]
South et al. 24	Pulmonary disease	12	Yes	199	7.5	93.3 [70.2–98.8]	55.4 [48.2–62.4]
Fenning et al. 25	Cardiac disease	12	No	172	9.9	35.3 [17.3–58.7]	79.4 [72.3–85.0]
Da Silva Gane et al. 26	Kidney disease	12	No	344	15.1	57.7 [44.2–70.1]	74.7 [69.4–79.3]
Pang et al. 27	Kidney disease	12	No	367	12.0	61.4 [46.6–74.3]	74.6 [69.6–79.1]
Reilly et al. 28	Pulmonary disease	12	Yes	85	32.9	100 [87.9–100]	31.6 [21.0–44.5]
Moroni et al. 29	Cancer	12	No	231	45.0	83.7 [75.4–89.5]	69.3 [60.8–76.6]
Feyi et al. 30	Kidney disease	12	No	178	23.6	66.7 [51.6–79.0]	77.9 [70.3–84.1]
Hamano et al. 31 – 7 day timeframe	Cancer	0.25	No	2361	14.1	84.7 [80.4–88.2]	68.0 [65.9–70.0]
Hamano et al. 31 – 1 month timeframe	Cancer	1	No	2361	47.2	95.6 [94.2–96.7]	37.0 [34.4–39.7]
Amro et al. 32	Kidney disease	12	No	201	19.4	56.4 [41–70.7]	82.7 [76.2–87.8]
Maria Carmen et al. 33	Kidney disease	12	Yes	49	18.4	77.8 [45.3–93.7]	67.5 [52.0–79.9]
Gerlach et al. 34	Cancer	12	Yes	672	15.6	40.0 [31.1–49.6]	93.1 [90.7–94.9]
Lakin et al. 35	Primary care	12	Yes	1737	6.4	20.5 [14.1–28.9]	94.4 [93.2–95.4]
Strout et al. 36	Emergency department	1	Yes	330	9.4	48.4 [32.0–65.2]	68.9 [63.4–73.9]
Gomez-Batiste, 2017 37	Primary care	12	No	1059	27.0	93.7 [90.3–96.0]	26.4 [23.4–29.6]
Hadique et al. 38 (derivation cohort)	Intensive care	6	No	500	36.0	82.2 [76.0–87.1]	71.9 [66.7–76.5]
Hadique et al. 38 (validation cohort)	Intensive care	6	No	543	34.6	73.9 [67.2–79.7]	81.7 [77.3–85.4]
Lilley et al. 39	Acute surgical conditions	12	No	163	36.2	79.7 [67.7–88.0]	51.0 [41.5–60.4]
Moretti et al. 40	Cardiac disease	12	No	470	7.9	56.8 [40.9–71.3]	93.5 [90.8–95.5]
Salat et al. 41	Kidney disease	12	No	488	17.8	64.4 [53.9–73.6]	71.3 [66.7–75.5]
Santos Lascasas et al. 42	Kidney disease	6	Yes	360	13.9	90.0 [78.6–95.7]	67.1 [61.7–72.1]
Strout et al. 43	Emergency department	1	Yes	9923	2.3	48.9 [42.4–55.4]	80.3 [79.5–81.1]
Burke et al. 44 – 3 month timeframe	Children	3	No	325	5.5	83.3 [60.8–94.2]	93.2 [89.8–95.5]
Burke et al. 44 – 12 month timeframe	Children	12	No	306	9.8	83.3 [66.4–92.7]	70.7 [65.0–75.7]
Ebke et al. 45	Neurorehabilitation	12	No	236	14.4	76.5 [60.0–87.6]	64.9 [58.0–71.1]
Faria de Sousa et al. 46	Primary care	6	Yes	201	18.4	62.2 [46.1–75.9]	67.1 [59.6–73.8]
Forzley et al. 47	Kidney disease	6	No	374	11.5	72.1 [57.3–83.3]	58.6 [53.2–63.8]
Liyanage et al. 48	Nursing home	12	No	187	22.5	71.4 [56.4–82.8]	65.5 [57.5–72.8]
Mitchell et al. 49	Primary care	12	No	1525	3.1	53.2 [39.2–66.7]	89.6 [87.9–91.0]
Mudge et al. 50	Hospital inpatients	12	No	513	17.9	90.2 [82.4–94.8]	55.8 [51.0–60.5]
Ouchi et al. 51	Emergency department	12	No	207	21.3	77.3 [63.0–87.2]	58.3 [50.6–65.6]
Schmidt et al. 52 (derivation cohort)	Kidney disease	12	No	749	13.5	60.4 [50.6–69.4]	82.7 [79.6–85.4]
Schmidt et al. 52 (validation cohort)	Kidney disease	12	No	437	10.1	61.4 [46.6–74.3]	76.8 [72.4–80.7]
Tanasiychuk et al. 53	Kidney disease	6	No	475	52.8	41.8 [35.9–48.0]	35.3 [29.3–41.7]
Aaronson et al. 54	Cardiac disease & emergency department	12	No	193	29.0	78.6 [66.2–87.3]	56.9 [48.6–64.9]
Gastelurrutia et al. 55	Cardiac disease	12	Yes	922	9.7	78.7 [69.0–85.9]	69.4 [66.2–72.4]
Haydar et al. 56	Emergency department	1	No	6089	2.6	31.8 [25.1–39.5]	85.4 [84.4–86.2]
Lakin et al. 57	Primary care	24	No	1163	15.5	79.4 [73.0–84.7]	68.6 [65.6–71.4]
Ouchi et al. 58	Emergency department	1	No	16,223	9.7	43.3 [40.9–45.8]	82.0 [81.3–82.6]
Raubenheimer et al. 59	Acute medical services	12	No	822	20.0	70.7 [63.4–77.2]	65.0 [61.3–68.6]
Straw et al. 60	Cardiac disease	12	No	114	34.2	84.6 [70.3–92.8]	58.7 [47.4–69.1]
Tripodoro et al. 61	Cancer	12	No	313	46.6	93.8 [88.7–96.7]	72.5 [65.2–78.7]
Veldhoven et al. 62	Primary care	12	No	292	8.9	92.3 [75.9–97.9]	48.5 [42.6–54.5]
Verhoef et al. 63	Cancer and ED	12	No	245	78.8	89.1 [83.9–92.8]	40.4 [28.2–53.9]
Edge et al. 64 – 6 month timeframe	Cancer	6	Yes	1276	25.4	71.0 [65.8–75.7]	53.6 [50.4–56.7]
Edge et al. 64 – 12 month timeframe	Cancer	12	Yes	655	42.4	68.7 [63.0–73.9]	63.7 [58.7–68.4]
Ernecoff et al. 65	Kidney disease	12	Yes	95	9.5	66.7 [35.4–87.9]	75.6 [65.5–83.4]
Flierman et al. 66	Hospital inpatients	12	No	252	30.6	81.8 [71.8–88.8]	48.6 [41.3–55.9]
Ikari et al. 67	Cancer	0.1	No	1411	47.8	94.4 [92.4–95.9]	26.3 [23.3–29.6]
Estifan Kasabji et al. 68	Kidney disease	12	Yes	178	15.7	71.4 [52.9–84.7]	64.7 [56.7–71.9]
Lai et al. 69	Kidney disease	12	No	401	8.5	52.9 [36.7–68.5]	95.6 [93.0–97.3]
Maes et al. 70 – subgroup 1	Hospital inpatients	12	No	185	24.9	67.4 [53.0–79.1]	78.4 [70.9–84.4]
Maes et al. 70 – subgroup 2	Cardiac disease	12	No	183	20.2	67.6 [51.5–80.4]	76.0 [68.5–82.2]
Rauh et al. 71	Cancer	12	No	309	23.6	75.3 [64.4–83.8]	68.6 [62.5–74.2]
Tabernero Huguet et al. 72	Pulmonary disease	12	Yes	361	23.5	65.9 [55.3–75.1]	86.6 [82.1–90.1]
Tak et al. 73	Pulmonary disease	12	Yes	123	18.7	73.9 [53.5–87.5]	84.0 [75.6–89.9]
Valerio and Farinha 75	Kidney disease	12	Yes	194	11.3	68.2 [47.3–83.6]	77.3 [70.5–82.9]
van Wijmen et al. 76	Primary care	12	No	3640	1.0	50.0 [34.5–65.5]	98.6 [98.2–99.0]
Yen et al. 77	Hospital inpatients	12	No	21,098	8.3	45.6 [43.2–47.9]	90.6 [90.2–91.0]
Ermers et al. 78	Cancer	12	No	379	31.1	87.3 [80.1–92.1]	67.4 [61.5–72.8]
Tripp et al. 74 – 1 month timeframe	Pulmonary disease	1	No	381	4.2	12.5 [3.5–36.0]	95.3 [92.7–97.1]
Tripp et al. 74 – 12 month timeframe	Pulmonary disease	12	No	365	22.2	46.9 [36.4–57.7]	75.4 [70.0–80.0]

^*Confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Wilson’s method and can differ slightly from the CI’s presented by the original studies.