Table 6.

Association of demographic, nutritional, and gestational variables with BISQ items

	Nocturnal sleep duration (hour)	Daytime sleep duration (hour)	Number of waking at night	Night wakings duration (hour)	Nocturnal sleep latency (hour)	Sleep onset time (hour)
First 6 months of nutrition
Breastfeeding	7.73 ± 1.25	3.71 ± 1.64	0.95 ± 1.38	1.27 ± 1.11	0.30 ± 0.20	23.25 ± 1.07
Formula	8.07 ± 1.58	3.64 ± 1.51	1.00 ± 1.36	1.54 ± 1.20	0.43 ± 0.44	23.68 ± 0.50
Breastfeeding + formula	7.62 ± 1.32	4.08 ± 1.60	0.73 ± 1.26	1.37 ± 1.16	0.36 ± 0.26	23.26 ± 1.10
p	0.501	0.036	0.123	0.493	0.069	0.131
Second 6 months of nutrition
Breastfeeding + food	7.74 ± 1.23	3.73 ± 1.67	0.92 ± 1.36	1.27 ± 1.11	0.30 ± 0.20	23.25 ± 1.09
Breastfeeding + formula	7.64 ± 1.59	4.06 ± 1.65	0.91 ± 1.37	1.48 ± 1.24	0.44 ± 0.35	23.27 ± 1.20
Breastfeeding + formula + food	7.58 ± 1.25	4.02 ± 1.35	0.72 ± 1.29	1.37 ± 1.09	0.33 ± 0.21	23.31 ± 0.83
p	0.245	0.045	0.266	0.297	0.003	0.425
Birth order
firstborn	7.56 ± 1.32	4.06 ± 1.65	0.90 ± 1.38	1.47 ± 1.17	0.34 ± 0.22	23.38 ± 1.13
second born	7.84 ± 1.23	3.60 ± 1.58	0.96 ± 1.40	1.20 ± 1.07	0.31 ± 0.24	23.18 ± 1.00
third and higher-born	7.80 ± 1.25	3.61 ± 1.61	0.58 ± 0.99	1.00 ± 1.05	0.26 ± 0.18	23.06 ± 1.06
p	0.018	0.002	0.280	0.001	0.005	0.007
Maternal age
≤ 30	7.70 ± 1.22	3.76 ± 1.70	1.02 ± 1.43	1.34 ± 1.07	0.34 ± 0.22	23.28 ± 1.02
> 30	7.71 ± 1.33	3.87 ± 1.56	0.77 ± 1.26	1.27 ± 1.18	0.30 ± 0.23	23.24 ± 1.12
p	0.928	0.206	0.015	0.245	0.002	0.637
Maternal education
Under diploma	7.88 ± 1.25	3.44 ± 1.66	1.11 ± 1.37	1.09 ± 1.03	0.31 ± 0.24	23.11 ± 1.06
Diploma	7.64 ± 1.20	3.83 ± 1.68	0.85 ± 1.30	1.30 ± 1.10	0.32 ± 0.23	23.25 ± 1.09
Upper diploma	7.70 ± 1.34	3.91 ± 1.57	0.85 ± 1.38	1.37 ± 1.17	0.32 ± 0.22	23.31 ± 1.05
p	0.188	0.067	0.033	0.134	0.828	0.154
Maternal job status
unemployed	7.70 ± 1.28	3.79 ± 1.63	0.90 ± 1.35	1.30 ± 1.11	0.32 ± 0.22	23.24 ± 1.06
employed	7.71 ± 1.23	4.03 ± 1.66	0.72 ± 1.34	1.42 ± 1.25	0.34 ± 0.29	23.43 ± 1.13
p	0.853	0.240	0.245	0.694	0.971	0.248
Infant gender
Boy	7.82 ± 1.19	3.79 ± 1.70	0.88 ± 1.34	1.25 ± 1.07	0.31 ± 0.22	23.19 ± 1.02
Girl	7.58 ± 1.36	3.84 ± 1.55	0.90 ± 1.37	1.36 ± 1.18	0.32 ± 0.24	23.34 ± 1.12
p	0.042	0.568	0.855	0.395	0.624	0.204
Delivery type
Normal Vaginal delivery	7.67 ± 1.27	3.76 ± 1.64	0.98 ± 1.42	1.32 ± 1.13	0.33 ± 0.24	23.24 ± 1.01
C-section	7.73 ± 1.29	3.86 ± 1.62	0.82 ± 1.30	1.30 ± 1.13	0.31 ± 0.22	23.27 ± 1.11
p	0.687	0.338	0.108	0.814	0.676	0.733
Gestational age
< 37 week	7.63 ± 1.55	3.48 ± 1.90	0.86 ± 1.37	1.61 ± 1.11	0.42 ± 0.33	23.36 ± 0.95
≥ 37 weeks	7.71 ± 1.25	3.84 ± 1.60	0.89 ± 1.35	1.28 ± 1.12	0.31 ± 0.22	23.25 ± 1.08
p	0.446	0.192	0.853	0.036	0.020	0.211