Table 2.
Overview of the themes, categories, and codes of facilitators of and barriers to interprofessional collaboration in general
| Potential Themes | Categories | Codes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Facilitators | Barriers | ||
| Involvement of patient, informal caregiver, and healthcare professional | Informing each other | • Clear information exchange between healthcare professionals | • Healthcare professionals do not know who is informal caregiver |
| • Balance between sharing information in writing and through conversation | • Informal caregiver is not informed, or not in a timely manner, or is informed retrospectively | ||
| • Up-to-date handover information | • People involved are not or insufficiently informed about the care process | ||
| • Informing family caregivers about policy decisions | • Family caregivers are not or insufficiently informed about the roles of healthcare professionals | ||
| • Clarity about care process among all persons involved (patient, family caregiver and healthcare professional) | • Ignoring family caregiver contribution | ||
| Mutual communication | • Mutual communication among stakeholders | • No or limited communication between persons involved | |
| • Short lines of communication between professionals in nursing home and hospital care | • No or limited contact between family caregiver and healthcare professional | ||
| • Uniform use of language | • Limited communication between healthcare professionals | ||
| • Listening to each other | |||
| Participation of all persons involved | • Engaging with each other | • Unclear attitude towards each other | |
| • Willingness of patient, family caregiver and health care professional to help | • Family caregiver not or not actively involved | ||
| • Open attitude | • Not knowing each other | ||
| • Interest in each other | |||
| • Positive team atmosphere | |||
| • Equality of permanent and temporary team members | |||
| Behaviour and attitude of team members towards each other | • Low-threshold accessibility of healthcare professionals | • Showing no interest in each other• | |
| • Calling each other to account/giving feedback | • Little or no empathy | ||
| • Showing empathy | |||
| • Social activities with team to get to know each other | |||
| • Self-reflection | |||
| Team members’ expectations towards each other | • Agreement on goals | • Failure to honour agreements | |
| • Mutually attuned expectations | • No or limited attuning | ||
| Systematic approach to providing care for older people | Coordinating team procedures | • Clear procedures | • No clear procedures |
| • Joint coordination regarding treatment plan | • No or limited coordination between care professionals about their contribution | ||
| • Working in complementary manner to each other | |||
| • Systematically planned evaluation moments with persons involved | |||
| Coordinating organisational procedures | • Availability of multidisciplinary health professionals for treatment | • Healthcare professionals having no or limited control regarding treatment process | |
| • Policy support for collaboration between care professionals | • Unclear policy on procedures | ||