Table 3.
Modification by Household Size for Women and Men
| Variable | Model 4—Women (n = 1,213) |
Model 5—Men (n = 867) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | SE | p Value | OR | SE | p Value | |
| No change/increase in in-person social interactions since March 2020 | ref | ref | ||||
| Decline in in-person social interactions since March 2020 | 1.279 | 0.386 | .415 | 3.038 | 1.083 | .002 |
| Number of permanent household members | 0.952 | 0.040 | .242 | 1.018 | 0.052 | .722 |
| Number of permanent household members × decline in in-person social interaction since March 2020 | 1.111 | 0.054 | .032 | 0.993 | 0.058 | .904 |
| Age | 1.003 | 0.007 | .682 | 0.994 | 0.009 | .520 |
| No formal education | ref | ref | ||||
| Some primary (1–7 years) | 1.093 | 0.161 | .548 | 1.099 | 0.208 | .618 |
| Some secondary or more (8+ years) | 1.129 | 0.226 | .545 | 0.879 | 0.209 | .588 |
| Not working/retired | ref | ref | ||||
| Employed/home manager | 1.380 | 0.246 | .071 | 0.977 | 0.200 | .909 |
| Currently married or living with partner | ref | ref | ||||
| Never married | 0.599 | 0.185 | .098 | 1.380 | 0.392 | .258 |
| Separated/deserted/divorced | 0.982 | 0.203 | .932 | 1.015 | 0.284 | .958 |
| Widowed | 0.762 | 0.114 | .070 | 0.806 | 0.223 | .436 |
| Number of children | 0.992 | 0.033 | .803 | 0.995 | 0.039 | .899 |
| Wealth Index Q1 (poorest) | ref | ref | ||||
| Q2 | 0.821 | 0.169 | .338 | 1.141 | 0.305 | .621 |
| Q3 | 0.913 | 0.187 | .656 | 1.322 | 0.339 | .276 |
| Q4 | 1.156 | 0.234 | .475 | 1.283 | 0.326 | .327 |
| Wealth Index Q5 (least poor) | 0.881 | 0.181 | .539 | 1.212 | 0.316 | .461 |
| No ADLs | ref | ref | ||||
| Has ADLs | 0.762 | 0.241 | .391 | 2.283 | 0.786 | .017 |
| July 2021 | ref | ref | ||||
| August 2021 | 1.534 | 0.429 | .126 | 1.143 | 0.368 | .677 |
| September 2021 | 1.134 | 0.312 | .648 | 1.136 | 0.353 | .682 |
| October 2021 | 1.704 | 0.454 | .046 | 1.247 | 0.376 | .465 |
| November 2021 to March 2022 | 3.748 | 1.216 | <.001 | 1.986 | 0.754 | .071 |
| CES-D score | 1.013 | 0.007 | .058 | 1.000 | 0.009 | .995 |
| No comorbidities | ref | ref | ||||
| At least 1 comorbidity | 1.123 | 0.176 | .460 | 1.477 | 0.266 | .030 |
| Unvaccinated against COVID-19 | ref | ref | ||||
| Vaccinated | 0.979 | 0.127 | .871 | 1.000 | 0.163 | .999 |
Notes: ADL = activities of daily living; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; OR = odds ratio; Q = quintile; ref = reference; SE = standard error.
Bold indicates significance at the .05 alpha level.