Table 1.

Source animal and cadaver head characteristics from mature sows and boars¹ (BW < 200 kg) assigned to three penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placements² and sectioned by band saw following the plane of bolt entry

Sex	Dependent variable	PCB placement
		FRONTAL			TEMPORAL			BEHIND EAR
		n	LS means	SE	n	LS means	SE	n	LS means	SE
SOWS
	Brain Temp, ° C	10	8.03	0.37	10	7.52	0.36	10	8.36	0.24
	Estimated BW, kg	10	172.14	6.10	10	159.12	7.16	10	166.04	7.96
	Head weight, kg	10	16.86	1.31	10	17.42	1.09	10	17.73	1.22
	Distance between optic orbits, cm	10	14.70	0.55	10	13.99	0.38	10	14.69	0.62
	Snout to poll distance, cm	10	29.22	0.54	10	29.12	0.68	10	29.92	0.69
	Maximum deflection distance, cm	10	3.84	0.34	10	3.70	0.25	10	4.21	0.20
BOARS
	Brain Temp, ° C	9	7.94	0.46	10	7.02	0.23	11	6.91	0.26
	Estimated BW, kg	9	172.04	10.12	10	172.22	5.99	11	176.06	4.87
	Head weight, kg	9	19.33	1.65	10	20.03	1.75	11	18.10	1.12
	Distance between optic orbits, cm	9	15.44	0.58	10	15.43	0.49	11	15.06	0.36
	Snout to poll distance, cm	9	29.12	0.66	10	28.66	0.91	11	28.26	1.16
	Maximum deflection distance, cm	9	4.33	0.40	10	4.65	0.37	11	3.61	0.27

¹Comparisons between sexes were not conducted because it is unknown how morphological changes in head conformation change as sows and boars continue to grow heavier than the sows and boars that provided the heads for this study.

²Placements: FRONTAL—Medial bolt entry approximately 3.5 cm superior to the optic orbits at midline perpendicular with the external surface of the head; TEMPORAL—Bolt entry at the depression located between the right eye and right ear.

BEHIND EAR—Bolt entry directly caudal to the pinna of the ear on the same plane as the eyes and targeting the middle of the opposite eye.

^a,b,cSuperscripts that differ within a row identify significant differences between means within dependent variables across placements (P ≤ 0.05).