Table 3.

Upper 97.5% reference interval limits (URL) and associated 90% confidence intervals (URL 90% CI) for tissue depth parameters of cadaver heads from sows and boars¹ <200 kg BW assigned to three penetrating captive bolt (PCB) placements² and sectioned by band saw following the plane of bolt entry

Sex	Dependent variable	PCB placement
		FRONTAL			TEMPORAL			BEHIND EAR
		n	URL	URL 90% CI	n	URL	URL 90% CI	n	URL	URL 90% CI
SOWS
	Soft tissue thickness, mm	10	11.1	9.7 to 12.6	10	71.9	63.4 to 80.4	10	72.0	62.9 to 81.0
	Cranial thickness, mm	10	64.2	55.9 to 72.5	10	30.2	23.9 to 36.4	10	53.3	47.2 to 59.5
	Total tissue thickness, mm	10	70.0	62.3 to 77.7	10	76.6	71.4 to 81.7	10	112.3	102.0 to 122.6
BOARS
	Soft tissue thickness, mm	8	18.6	15.4 to 21.7	8	77.8	67.8 to 87.8	10	109.1	91.7 to 126.5
	Cranial thickness, mm	8	69.7	59.5 to 79.8	8	39.7	31.1 to 48.2	10	57.1	47.8 to 66.5
	Total tissue thickness, mm	8	77.6	68.5 to 86.7	8	96.3	86.2 to 106.4	10	135.3	119.8 to 150.7

¹Comparisons between sexes were not conducted because it is unknown how morphological changes in head conformation change as sows and boars continue to grow heavier than the sows and boars that provided the heads for this study.

²Placements: FRONTAL—Medial bolt entry approximately 3.5 cm superior to the optic orbits at midline perpendicular with the external surface of the head.

TEMPORAL—Bolt entry at the depression located between the right eye and right ear.

BEHIND EAR—Bolt entry directly caudal to the pinna of the ear on the same plane as the eyes and targeting the middle of the opposite eye.

BW, body weight.