Table 3.

CARPREG II Risk Score. CARPREG: Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy Study; NYHA: New York Heart Association⁵

PREDICTOR	POINTS
Prior cardiac events or arrhythmias	3
Baseline NYHA III-IV or cyanosis*	3
Mechanical valve	3
Ventricular dysfunction	2
High-risk left-sided valve disease/left ventricular outflow tract obstruction	2
Pulmonary hypertension	2
Coronary artery disease	2
High-risk aortopathy	2
No prior cardiac intervention	1
Late pregnancy assessment	1

* NYHA risk groups include individuals with at least mild reduction in systemic ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction < 55%), high-risk valve lesions, or left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction (such as aortic valve area < 1.5 cm², subaortic gradient > 30 mm Hg, mitral valve area < 2 cm, or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation); those with mechanical valves; individuals with pulmonary hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure ≥ 50 mm Hg in the absence of RVOT); those with high-risk aortopathy (including Marfan syndrome; bicuspid aortopathy with aortic dimension > 45 mm; Loeys-Dietz syndrome; vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; or a history of aortic dissection or pseudoaneurysm); and individuals with coronary artery disease; defined as angiographically proven coronary obstruction or a history of myocardial infarction.