Table 1.

Prelandmarks and manual measurements.

Category		Name		Definition
Prelandmark		a	Tragion (R/L)	The superior point on the juncture of the cartilaginous flap (tragus) of the ear with the head
		B	Sellion	The point of the deepest depression of the nasal bones at the top of the nose
		C	Pronasale	The point of the anterior projection of the tip of the nose
		D	Gonion (R/L)	The most lateral, most inferior, and most posterior point on the angle of the mandible (jawbone)
		e	Menton	The inferior point of the mandible in the midsagittal plane (bottom of the chin)
Manual measurement		1	Face width	The linear distance between the left and right tragion.
		2	Face length	The linear distance from sellion to menton.