Table 2.
Incidence rates of clinical sequelae of chronic liver disease patients with coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis in 2020-2022 and controls after 1:1 propensity score matching
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Outcomes
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2020-2022
|
||||||||||||
|
COVID-19 patients (n = 55163)
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Control (n = 55163)
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COVID-19 patients vs control
|
|||||||||||
|
Cumulative incidence
|
Crude incidence rate |
Cumulative incidence
|
Crude incidence rate | ||||||||||
|
(Events/10000 person-yr)
|
(Events/10000 person-yr)
|
||||||||||||
|
New events
|
Rate, %
|
Estimate
|
95%CI
|
Person-years
|
New events
|
Rate, %
|
Estimate
|
95%CI
|
Person-years
|
IRR1
|
95% CI
|
P value
|
|
| HCC | 211 | 0.39 | 64.2 | (55.8, 73.5) | 32870 | 276 | 0.51 | 54 | (47.8, 60.8) | 51087 | 1.19 | (0.99, 1.42) | 0.06 |
| All-cause mortality | 2273 | 4.12 | 676.5 | (648.9, 704.9) | 33601 | 1600 | 2.9 | 306.2 | (291.4, 321.6) | 52258 | 2.21b | (2.07, 2.36) | < 0.001 |
| Adverse hepatic outcomes | 2407 | 4.62 | 789.3 | (758.1, 821.5) | 30495 | 2183 | 4.19 | 453.5 | (434.7, 473.0) | 48133 | 1.74b | (1.64, 1.85) | < 0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 2493 | 4.68 | 803.8 | (772.6, 836.0) | 31014 | 2206 | 4.14 | 450.1 | (431.5, 469.2) | 49015 | 1.79b | (1.68, 1.89) | < 0.001 |
| Liver decompensation hepatorenal syndrome | 88 | 0.16 | 26.3 | (21.1, 32.4) | 33468 | 106 | 0.19 | 20.4 | (16.7, 24.6) | 52070 | 1.29 | (0.97, 1.71) | 0.08 |
| Liver failure | 71 | 0.13 | 21.3 | (16.6, 26.8) | 33371 | 91 | 0.17 | 17.5 | (14.1, 21.5) | 51902 | 1.21 | (0.89, 1.66) | 0.22 |
| Hepatic coma/encephalopathy | 60 | 0.11 | 17.9 | (13.7, 23.1) | 33454 | 61 | 0.11 | 11.7 | (9.0, 15.1) | 52033 | 1.53a | (1.07, 2.18) | 0.02 |
| Ascites | 129 | 0.24 | 38.7 | (32.3, 46.0) | 33341 | 154 | 0.28 | 29.7 | (25.2, 34.8) | 51882 | 1.30a | (1.03, 1.65) | 0.03 |
| Variceal bleeding | 150 | 0.28 | 45.5 | (38.5, 53.4) | 32977 | 159 | 0.29 | 31 | (26.4, 36.2) | 51316 | 1.47b | (1.17, 1.84) | < 0.001 |
| Curative treatment to HCC | 130 | 0.24 | 39.5 | (33.0, 46.9) | 32892 | 174 | 0.32 | 34 | (29.1, 39.5) | 51156 | 1.16 | (0.93, 1.46) | 0.2 |
| Hepatic resection | 86 | 0.16 | 25.9 | (20.7, 32.0) | 33206 | 109 | 0.2 | 21.1 | (17.3, 25.5) | 51664 | 1.23 | (0.93, 1.63) | 0.16 |
| Liver transplantation | 13 | 0.02 | 3.9 | (2.1, 6.6) | 33442 | 20 | 0.04 | 3.8 | (2.3, 5.9) | 52028 | 1.01 | (0.50, 2.03) | 0.97 |
| Radiofrequency ablation of liver | 51 | 0.09 | 15.3 | (11.4, 20.1) | 33294 | 75 | 0.14 | 14.5 | (11.4, 18.2) | 51784 | 1.06 | (0.74, 1.51) | 0.76 |
| Non-curative treatment to HCC | 394 | 0.75 | 122.5 | (110.7, 135.3) | 32151 | 627 | 1.19 | 125.6 | (116.0, 135.8) | 49916 | 0.98 | (0.86, 1.11) | 0.7 |
| Transarterial chemoembolization | 83 | 0.15 | 25 | (19.9, 31.0) | 33239 | 125 | 0.23 | 24.2 | (20.1, 28.8) | 51691 | 1.03 | (0.78, 1.36) | 0.82 |
| Radiotherapy to liver | 3 | 0.01 | 0.9 | (0.2, 2.6) | 33543 | 3 | 0.01 | 0.6 | (0.1, 1.7) | 52189 | 1.56 | (0.31, 7.71) | 0.59 |
| Systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy | 351 | 0.66 | 108.2 | (97.2, 120.2) | 32434 | 547 | 1.03 | 108.6 | (99.7, 118.1) | 50363 | 1 | (0.87, 1.14) | 0.96 |
| Palliative care | 924 | 1.73 | 285.8 | (267.7, 304.8) | 32332 | 904 | 1.7 | 179 | (167.5, 191.0) | 50510 | 1.60b | (1.46, 1.75) | < 0.001 |
1
IRR > 1 (or < 1) indicates COVID-19 patients had higher (lower) risk of clinical outcome compared to the matched control group.
a
P < 0.05.
b
P < 0.01. IRR is considered statistically significant, with indicates aP < 0.05 and indicates bP < 0.01. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; IRR: Incidence rate ratio.