Table 3.
Total Outpatient Costs per-Case by Age Group, Acute Gastrointestinal Illness-Related Commercial Insurance Claims Aggregated by Diagnostic Code, 2012–2015, 2015 Dollars
| Age <5 | Age 5–17 | Age 18–64 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis group | N | Mean (SD), $ | Median (IQR), $ | N | Mean (SD), $ | Median (IQR), $ | N | Mean (SD), $ | Median (IQR), $ |
| Any AGI | 523,035 | 262 (721) | 105 (78–172) | 557,577 | 437 (1147) | 119 (82–238) | 2,338,147 | 828 (1690) | 193 (109–874) |
| Pathogen-specific AGI | |||||||||
| Intestinal infectious diseases, excluding ill defined | 93,071 | 240 (894) | 99 (76–145) | 104,916 | 290 (788) | 106 (78–165) | 202,202 | 549 (1318) | 138 (91–310) |
| Unspecified AGI | |||||||||
| Ill-defined intestinal infections | 51,133 | 159 (388) | 95 (75–131) | 56,461 | 203 (593) | 104 (78–152) | 156,769 | 418 (1114) | 143 (94–238) |
| Other and unspecified diarrhea, noninfectious causes | 176,184 | 288 (718) | 104 (78–174) | 229,147 | 468 (1241) | 115 (81–225) | 792,655 | 1021 (1894) | 198 (104–1347) |
| Diarrhea, not otherwise specified | 223,339 | 319 (784) | 117 (81–237) | 191,795 | 628 (1386) | 164 (97–538) | 1,326,465 | 874 (1705) | 230 (122–1002) |
| Potentially foodborne pathogen-specific diagnoses | 6603 | 13,880 | 24,594 | ||||||
| Bacteria | |||||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 8 | 1077 (2589) | 110 (81–355) | 56 | 441 (697) | 126 (97–321) | 542 | 644 (1272) | 164 (104–422) |
| Brucella spp. | 6 | 159 (102) | 130 (72–258) | 39 | 674 (1709) | 200 (105–466) | 260 | 747 (4541) | 183 (106–360) |
| Campylobacter | 56 | 1266 (1797) | 466 (150–1726) | 102 | 1535 (2579) | 380 (116–1926) | 695 | 1694 (2833) | 304 (123–1940) |
| Clostridium botulinum | 30 | 2159 (10,285) | 190 (109–315) | 16 | 812 (1182) | 146 (64–1376) | 170 | 665 (1508) | 141 (70–402) |
| Clostridium perfringens | 1 | 584 (NA) | 584 (NA) | 11 | 2327 (5247) | 1101 (143–1286) | 18 | 1481 (5458) | 128 (83–185) |
| Escherichia coli: STEC O157 | 69 | 810 (2148) | 173 (119–454) | 95 | 809 (1842) | 174 (96–425) | 375 | 770 (1782) | 183 (109–478) |
| E. coli: STEC non-O157 | 30 | 913 (1508) | 184 (115–1085) | 49 | 1387 (2826) | 252 (113–742) | 152 | 921 (1777) | 198 (101–622) |
| E. coli enterotoxigenic | 2 | 188 (158) | 188 (76–300) | 6 | 146 (168) | 84 (74–101) | 49 | 602 (1569) | 136 (92–362) |
| E. coli diarrheagenic, other | 42 | 766 (2271) | 90 (79–134) | 44 | 422 (1404) | 106 (77–170) | 219 | 499 (1271) | 118 (82–255) |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 3 | 82 (17) | 80 (67–101) | 3 | 104 (63) | 127 (33–151) | 193 | 557 (1039) | 171 (89–501) |
| Mycobacterium bovis | 201 | 1511 (3362) | 252 (153–609) | 265 | 1039 (2002) | 311 (143–950) | 3805 | 765 (1612) | 256 (128–626) |
| Salmonella (nontyphoidal) | 345 | 593 (1613) | 127 (79–316) | 365 | 639 (1333) | 157 (93–534) | 1801 | 930 (2602) | 182 (102–467) |
| Salmonella enterica Typhi | 61 | 236 (422) | 120 (59–214) | 200 | 302 (743) | 153 (77–274) | 1006 | 532 (1479) | 210 (103–460) |
| Shigella spp. | 129 | 588 (1954) | 100 (78–260) | 140 | 588 (1505) | 157 (87–308) | 873 | 535 (2117) | 154 (94–284) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 27 | 496 (1048) | 149 (101–356) | 71 | 216 (260) | 120 (87–205) | 424 | 654 (1748) | 155 (91–434) |
| Streptococcus spp. Group A | 4426 | 198 (584) | 126 (96–167) | 11,280 | 198 (605) | 126 (96–173) | 6353 | 392 (1234) | 144 (104–227) |
| Vibrio cholerae | 49 | 540 (872) | 226 (100–488) | 123 | 369 (747) | 145 (92–334) | 1178 | 851 (4602) | 193 (91–525) |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | — | — | — | 4 | 481 (550) | 270 (166–797) | 36 | 603 (963) | 171 (102–522) |
| Vibrio vulnificus | 1 | 39 (NA) | 39 (NA) | — | — | — | 26 | 568 (1203) | 166 (87–297) |
| Yersinia enterocolitica | — | — | — | 4 | 583 (498) | 507 (211–955) | 22 | 1013 (1830) | 213 (119–935) |
| Parasite | |||||||||
| Cryptosporidium spp. | 28 | 572 (739) | 320 (106–591) | 47 | 1832 (4132) | 410 (139–1302) | 259 | 1312 (2327) | 309 (123–1557) |
| Cyclospora cayetanensis | 1 | 288 (NA) | 288 (NA) | 33 | 1184 (2727) | 416 (125–770) | 59 | 350 (444) | 160 (100–388) |
| Giardia intestinalis | 193 | 521 (869) | 224 (116–525) | 246 | 444 (1172) | 137 (94–264) | 1440 | 521 (1398) | 147 (100–270) |
| Toxoplasma gondii | 19 | 347 (504) | 172 (72–289) | 95 | 846 (2481) | 198 (120–448) | 1691 | 629 (1825) | 179 (111–383) |
| Trichinella spp. | 3 | 1156 (1853) | 104 (69–3295) | 31 | 465 (684) | 115 (73–543) | 373 | 580 (1554) | 194 (97–328) |
| Virus | |||||||||
| Astrovirus | — | — | — | 2 | 112 (81) | 112 (54–169) | 10 | 555 (568) | 184 (92–1219) |
| Hepatitis A virus | 19 | 167 (189) | 106 (57–166) | 56 | 304 (647) | 170 (97–236) | 1297 | 515 (2622) | 184 (93–385) |
| Norovirus | 77 | 528 (893) | 139 (90–367) | 153 | 473 (1552) | 127 (89–203) | 781 | 514 (1412) | 133 (90–269) |
| Rotavirus | 777 | 1279 (6547) | 388 (112–1163) | 344 | 1120 (1732) | 227 (95–1579) | 487 | 730 (1656) | 137 (87–395) |
Total cost includes the cost of in-patient visits, associated laboratory tests, and cost of prescriptions filled the day of the office visit. The heading “Potentially foodborne pathogen-specific diagnoses” is used to refer to cases that have been diagnosed as having an infection with a pathogen that is frequently foodborne.
IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing E. coli.