. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Patient Saf. 2021 Dec 1;17(8):e1080–e1087. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000444

TABLE 4.

Comparison of the HMPS and DPS Methods

	HMPS	DPS

Study setting	Hospital	Outpatient dental clinics
Site selection	Stratified random sampling within 1 state	Convenience sampling involving 3 states
Chart selection	Random sampling with oversampling and undersampling for certain groups	Simple random sampling with oversampling for certain groups
	Sampling fraction: 1 in 85	Sampling fraction: 1 in 24
Study process	Retrospective chart reviews	Retrospective chart reviews
• Design	2 Nurses	2 Nurses/dentists
• First-stage review	1 Physician	Expert panel
• Second-stage review	Manual review of paper-based treatment notes	Review of EHR treatment notes (with some automation of data extraction)
• Method of data collection
AE definition	Unintended injury due to medical intervention leading to death, disability, or prolonged hospital stay	Physical harm associated with dental treatment within a time frame relevant to the clinical scenario
Screening criteria for reviewers	18 Screening criteria²¹	2 Screening criteria