Table 2.

Campylobacter fetus Isolated From Food Items^a,b

Product	Animal Species	Prevalence	Method(s)	Country	Reference
Liver and bile	Cattle	45% (bile) and 5% (liver); 50% isolates C. fetusc	Preston enrichment; mCCDA plates	Japan	Enokimoto et al, 2007 [49]
Liver	Lamb	2.1%	Preston enrichment; direct plating from enrichment: mCCDA	UK	Kramer et al, 2000 [50]
Liver	Cattle	12.5%	Preston enrichment; direct plating from enrichment: mCCDA	UK	Kramer et al, 2000 [50]
Liver	Pig	3%	Preston enrichment; direct plating from enrichment: mCCDA	UK	Kramer et al, 2000 [50]
Carcass at slaughter	Turkey	<1% (publication does not give exact percentage; probably 1 isolate of 988 strains)	Preston enrichment; CCDA	US	Logue et al, 2003 [46]
Meat	Lamb	12/90 isolates	Bolton enrichment; CCDA	UK	Little et al, 2008 [51]
Meat	Pork	1/68 isolates	Bolton enrichment; CCDA	UK	Little et al, 2008 [51]
Vegetables		1.9% from 1 shop	Bolton enrichment; CCDA plating	Malaysia	Chai et al, 2007 [52]
Milk (filter)	Dairy cattle	1/196 inline filters	Bolton enrichment; CCDA, Preston, Skirrow plating	Italy	Serraino et al, 2012 [53]

^aOne Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus isolate was reported by Kuana et al [54] from broilers, but there was uncertainty about the correct identification of the species.

^bOne study from Germany [55] reported 29.2% prevalence of “presumptive C. fetus” in turkey meat. Identification could not be confirmed as strains were not available (G. Klein, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, personal communication).

^cQuantitatively: log₁₀ 3–7 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL bile and log₁₀ 1–2 CFU/g liver.