TABLE 1.

Mean External Rotation, Difference, and Ratio. And Fibular Length, Difference and Ratio for Different Observers

	Student, n = 166		Resident, n = 166		Surgeon A, n = 66		Surgeon B, n = 66
	Mean (SD)	Range (min–max)	Mean (SD)	Range (min–max)	Mean (SD)	Range (min–max)	Mean (SD)	Range (min–max)
External rotation, (degrees)	7.7 (4.9)	0.1–22.0	6.7 (4.2)	0.1–19.4	7.7 (3.0)	1.0–15.3	6.6 (3.8)	0.6–18.0
Difference external rotation (degrees)	3.4 (3.1)	0.0–19.7	3.1 (2.4)	0.1–10.7	1.4 (1.4)	0–6.5	1.5 (2.0)	0.0–8.5
Ratio external rotation	1.3 (1.5)	0.1–12.1	1.5 (1.6)	0.0.–10.5	1.2 (1.2)	0.4–7.5	1.1 (0.5)	0.5–3.2
Fibular length (mm)	25.8 (3.1)	16.8–33.6	25.4 (2.7)	17.4–32.1	25.8 (2.6)	20.0–31.6	24.6 (3.1)	13.0–31.0
Difference fibular length (mm)	2.1 (1.7)	0.0–7.0	1.5 (1.3)	0.0–5.7	0.5 (0.6)	0.0–3.0	1.0 (2.0)	0.0–12.4
Ratio fibular length	1.0 (0.1)	0.8–1.4	1.0 (0.1)	0.8–1.2	1.0 (0.0)	0.9–1.1	1.0 (0.2)	0.9–2.0

Mean values of the measurements of 166 ankles (83 patients) by student and resident and 66 ankles (33 patients) by both surgeons.

max, maximum; min, minimum.