Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Absence of CAC n = 1,713 (61.8%) | Presence of CAC n = 1,060 (38.2%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic profile | |||
| Age (yr) | 55.0 [49.0–61.0] | 60.0 [55.0–66.0] | < 0.001 |
| Male | 1054 (61.5) | 844 (79.6) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 2.9 | 24.0 ± 2.8 | 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.8 ± 9.1 | 87.1 ± 8.5 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 223 (13.0) | 291 (27.5) | 0.002 |
| Current smoker | 858 (50.1) | 713 (67.3) | < 0.001 |
| Liver function tests | |||
| AST (U/L) | 27.6 ± 15.5 | 29.4 ± 16.2 | 0.003 |
| ALT (U/L) | 27.8 ± 19.5 | 29.3 ± 19.9 | 0.055 |
| Platelet counts (×109/L) | 243.5 ± 59.4 | 233.2 ± 54.1 | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 0.197 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 1.7 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.539 |
| Metabolic profile (mg/dL) | |||
| Fasting glucose | 98.5 ± 22.2 | 105.4 ± 27.8 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 191.9 ± 38.3 | 182.5 ± 40.5 | < 0.001 |
| TG | 124.4 ± 89.6 | 130.1 ± 83.3 | 0.091 |
| HDL-C | 56.5 ± 15.4 | 53.6 ± 14.4 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C | 128.8 ± 46.0 | 120.5 ± 38.8 | < 0.001 |
| Use of statin | 241 (14.1) | 296 (27.9) | < 0.001 |
| Fib-4 ≥ 2.67 | 54 (3.2) | 77 (7.3) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular profile | |||
| ASCVD risk score | 5.6 [2.4–10.8] | 13.1 [7.4–20.1] | < 0.001 |
| CAC score | 63.9 [14.8–202.5] | ||
| CAC grade | |||
| Mild (CAC score, 1–99) | 637 (60.1) | ||
| Moderate (CAC score, 100–299) | 227 (21.4) | ||
| Severe (CAC score, ≥ 300) | 196 (18.5) | ||
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or number (%). Presence of CAC is defined as a CAC score > 0. CAC, coronary artery calcification; BMI, body mass index; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Fib-4, fibrosis-4 index; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.