Table 2.

Adjusted risk for CAC according to the presence or absence of MASLD or MAFLD.

	Number	Presence of CAC	Model 1 aOR (95% CI)	Model 2 aOR (95% CI)	Model 3† aOR (95% CI)
MASLD
No-MASLD	1868	664	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MASLD	905	396	1.36 (1.13–1.63)*	1.25 (1.04–1.51)*	1.21 (1.02–1.44)*
MAFLD
No-MAFLD	1520	503	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MAFLD	1253	557	1.48 (1.25–1.75)*	1.33 (1.12–1.58)*	1.20 (1.01–1.42)*

^*A p-value < 0.05.

Model 1, adjusted for age and sex; Model 2, Model 1 + smoking, use of statins, diabetes, and advanced fibrosis; Model 3: ^†ASCVD risk score. Presence of CAC is defined as a CAC score > 0 and advanced fibrosis is defined as a fibrosis-4 index ≥ 2.67.

^†The ASCVD risk score includes age, sex, race, smoking status, blood pressure, medication use for hypertension, diabetes status, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

CAC, coronary artery calcification; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref., reference; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.