Table 3.

Adjusted risk of severe CAC according to the presence or absence of MASLD or MAFLD.

	Number	Severe CAC	Model 1 aOR (95% CI)	Model 2 aOR (95% CI)	Model 3† aOR (95% CI)
MASLD
No-MASLD	1868	115	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MASLD	905	81	1.60 (1.16–2.22)*	1.49 (1.07–2.08)*	1.38 (1.01–1.89)*
MAFLD
No-MAFLD	1520	86	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MAFLD	1253	110	1.49 (1.10–2.03)*	1.33 (0.97–1.82)	1.15 (0.84–1.57)

^*A p-value < 0.05.

Model 1, adjusted for age and sex; Model 2, Model 1 + smoking, use of statins, diabetes, and advanced fibrosis; Model 3: ^†ASCVD risk score. Presence of severe CAC is defined as a CAC score > 300 and advanced fibrosis is defined as a fibrosis-4 index ≥ 2.67.

^†The ASCVD risk score includes age, sex, race, smoking status, blood pressure, medication use for hypertension, diabetes status, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

CAC, coronary artery calcification; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ref., reference; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.