Table 4.

Adjusted risk of CAC according to the subgroups of different steatotic liver statuses.

	Number	Presence of CAC	Model 1 aOR (95% CI)	Model 2 aOR (95% CI)	Model 3† aOR (95% CI)
Neither MASLD nor MAFLD	1,466	482	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)	1 (ref.)
MASLD only	54	21	1.30 (0.73–2.25)	1.30 (0.73–2.25)	1.30 (0.73–2.25)
MAFLD only	402	182	1.45 (1.13–1.86)*	1.29 (0.99–1.67)	1.11 (0.86–1.43)
Both MASLD and MAFLD	851	375	1.48 (1.22–1.81)*	1.34 (1.09–1.64)*	1.22 (1.01–1.47)*

^*A p-value < 0.05.

Model 1, adjusted for age and sex; Model 2, Model 1 + smoking, use of statins, diabetes, and advanced fibrosis; Model 3: ^†ASCVD risk score. Presence of CAC is defined as a CAC score > 0 and advanced fibrosis is defined as a fibrosis-4 index ≥ 2.67.

^†The ASCVD risk score includes age, sex, race, smoking status, blood pressure, medication use for hypertension, diabetes status, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

CAC, coronary artery calcification; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; ref., reference.