Appendix 1—figure 1. (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl)hexa(ethylene glycol) (MUHEG) grafting established on quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D).

(A, B) The frequency (F1–F7) and dissipation (D1–D7) response of the different harmonics (numbers) for two QCM-D sensors versus time upon grafting of 250 µM MUHEG in ethanol (see ‘Cleaning and surface grafting of Pd’). The blue vertical lines show when the solution was switched in the flow cell. The gray shaded regions show the time when the solution was flowed through the flow cell. Upon MUHEG binding, a decreasing frequency can be observed, which shows that mass attaches to the sensor’s surfaces.