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. 2022 Jul 15;8(28):eabo7422. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7422

Fig. 1. Lead halide precursor film characterizations.

Fig. 1.

(A) Champion efficiencies of thermally evaporated PSCs from 2013 to 2022. The star marks the PCE reported in this work. (B) Simplified scheme presenting the Cl-containing alloy–mediated sequential vacuum deposition approach. (C) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Cl-alloy–mediated precursor film (red) and the Ref precursor film (black). a.u., arbitrary units. (D and E) Top-view SEM images of (D) Cl-alloy–mediated precursor film and (E) the Ref precursor film. (F) Azimuth integration at q ≈ 0.91 Å−1 for lead halide films. (G and H) GIWAXS spectra of (G) Cl-alloy–mediated precursor film and (H) Ref film.