TABLE 4.
Effect of clover honey at different dosages on Bifidobacterium animalis survivability in yogurt through simulated in vitro digestion
| Treatment (g of honey per 170 g serving of commercial yogurt) |
B. animalis (log CFU/g) ± SEM |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline: predigestion | 1st stage: oral | 2nd stage: gastric | 3rd stage: intestinal | |
| Undiluted yogurt (0 g) | 8.6 ± 0.38 | 8.4 ± 0.35 | 8.0 ± 0.38 | 3.0 ± 0.37A,a |
| Clover honey (7 g) | 8.9 ± 0.19 | 8.6 ± 0.19 | 7.6 ± 0.61 | 2.8 ± 0.72A,a |
| Clover honey (10.5 g) | 8.7 ± 0.21 | 8.4 ± 0.36 | 7.8 ± 0.66 | 2.7 ± 0.63A,a |
| Clover honey (14 g) | 8.4 ± 0.65 | 8.0 ± 0.52 | 7.7 ± 0.52 | 3.3 ± 0.29A,B,a |
| Clover honey (17.5 g) | 8.6 ± 0.71 | 8.1 ± 0.57 | 7.7 ± 0.52 | 3.4 ± 0.27A,B,a |
| Clover honey (21 g) | 8.6 ± 0.48 | 8.3 ± 0.44 | 7.9 ± 0.34 | 3.8 ± 0.26A,B,b |
| Clover honey (28 g) | 8.5 ± 0.57 | 8.3 ± 0.47 | 7.8 ± 0.49 | 3.9 ± 0.44A,B,b |
| Clover honey (42 g) | 8.7 ± 0.21 | 8.6 ± 0.19 | 8.2 ± 0.31 | 4.7 ± 0.65B,b |
The superscript (A, B) means with dissimilar letters in a column are significantly different using Tukey’s test (P < 0.05) to compare all treatment means to the mean of every other treatment.
The superscript (a, b) means with dissimilar letters in a column are significantly different from the control (undiluted yogurt) using Dunnett’s test (P < 0.05).
Abbreviations: B. animalis; Bifidobacterium animalis; CFU, colony forming unit; SEM, standard error of the mean.