Skip to main content
. 2023 Sep 6;27(1):89–122. doi: 10.1007/s11618-023-01187-3

Table 2.

Means and Standard Deviations of Individual Mental Health Dimensions (Rescaled to a Range from 0 to 5)

Individuals in higher education Individuals not in higher education
All Female Male All Female Male
M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)
Positive attitude towards life 3.83 (0.71) 3.81 (0.70) 3.86 (0.72) 3.84 (0.75) 3.81 (0.75) 3.87 (0.76)
Self-esteem 4.00 (0.68) 3.95 (0.70) 4.08 (0.64) 3.95 (0.67) 3.90 (0.68) 4.02 (0.65)
Self-efficacy 3.50 (0.68) 3.38 (0.68) 3.64 (0.66) 3.54 (0.68) 3.44 (0.67) 3.65 (0.68)
Negative affectivity 1.61 (0.86) 1.73 (0.87) 1.44 (0.81) 1.53 (0.88) 1.63 (0.90) 1.43 (0.84)
Perceived stress 2.14 (0.92) 2.18 (0.93) 2.10 (0.90) 1.53 (0.95) 1.56 (0.94) 1.48 (0.95)

M Mean, SD Standard deviation