Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Values |
|---|---|
| Sex (N = 185) | |
| Female | 67 (36.2%) |
| Male | 118 (63.8%) |
| Age, years (N = 185) | 62 (10.4%) |
| Race (N = 185) | |
| Asian | 16 (8.6%) |
| Black or African American | 1 (0.5%) |
| White | 165 (89.2%) |
| Other | 3 (1.6%) |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes, years (N = 116)a | 6.4 (5.3%) |
| Duration of type 2 diabetes (N = 185) | |
| ≤ 1 year | 28 (15.1%) |
| 1–5 years | 47 (25.4%) |
| 5–10 years | 62 (33.5%) |
| > 10 years | 48 (25.9%) |
| HbA1c, % (N = 185) | 7.7 (1.5) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol (N = 185) | 61.1 (16.4) |
| HbA1c level (N = 185) | |
| < 8% | 116 (62.7%) |
| < 7.5% | 93 (50.3%) |
| < 7% | 62 (33.5%) |
| < 6.5% | 34 (18.4%) |
| Body weight, kg/m2 (N = 184) | 95.6 (17.9) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (N = 182) | 33.2 (4.8) |
| Waist circumference, cm (N = 115) | 113.4 (13.1) |
| Calculated eGFR (CKD-EPI), ml/min/1.73 m2 (N = 146) | 89.0 (22.8) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl (N = 130) | 104.9 (43.5) |
| Systolic/diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (N = 169) | 142 (16)/86 (9) |
| Cardiovascular-related medical historyb (N = 185) | 127 (68.6%) |
| Concomitant glucose-lowering medications (N = 185) | |
| Metformin | 89 (48.1%) |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 24 (13.0%) |
| Sulphonylureas | 13 (7.0%) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 3 (1.6%) |
| Meglitinides | 1 (0.5%) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 1 (0.5%) |
| Fixed dose combinations | 15 (8.1%) |
Continuous data are presented as mean (SD) and categorical data are presented as number (percentage)
CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, LDL low-density lipoprotein, N number of patients, SD standard deviation, SGLT2 sodium-glucose co-transporter-2, T2D type 2 diabetes
aDuration of T2D is presented for those patients who provided date of diagnosis of T2D
bCardiovascular-related medical history includes atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, revascularisation, stroke or transient ischaemic attack