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. 2024 Mar 15;5(4):e513. doi: 10.1002/mco2.513

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

The changes in vaccine‐associated gut microbiota diversity. Vaccines may influence the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota through modulation of the immune response. In turn, microbiota regulate the immune response to vaccines, inflammatory responses, and organ homeostasis. IL6, interleukin 6; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor‐α; SCFAs, short‐chain fatty acids.