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. 2024 Mar 15;14:148. doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-02858-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Subjects’ motor activity, as coded by UC-Freeze, significantly predicted integrated motor cortex metabolism in a brain region of interest defined a priori by the coordinates x = −0.448, y = −2.785, and z = 19.091 (inset). b A posteriori voxelwise analyses revealed subjects’ motor activity as a significant predictor of integrated metabolism in regions of motor cortex (blue arrows). Together, these findings validate UC-Freeze’s ability to recapitulate well-established brain-behavior relationships. c Measures of interrater reliability (IRR), Cohen’s kappa [84], computed in the scoring of 80 3-second video segments for freezing, showed that UC-Freeze had “moderate to substantial” interrater agreement with each of three human raters; performed best when compared to human raters’ consensus (magenta; kappa = 0.73, p < 0.001); and approximated mean human-vs-human IRR (gray; kappa = 0.77, p <0.001), calculated by round-robin comparison. Together, these findings validate UC-Freeze as a reliable tool for scoring freezing in rhesus.