Table 3. Reference intervals calculated by sex.

As determined by the Mann Whitney test for statistical significance<br>+ Values with significant differences between males and females, p <0.05<br># Values obtained with the Friedewald equation

Parameter	Unit of<br>measurement	Female		Male		Difference<br>female to<br>male<br>(P value*)
		Lower Limit	Upper Limit	Lower Limit	Upper Limit
Glucose	mmol/L	4.58 (4.55–4.63)	6.64 (6.38–6.93)	4.77 (4.70–4.81)	6.45 (6.28–6.57)	<0.0001+
Urea	mmol/L	2.48 (2.28–2.54)	7.35 (7.02–7.79)	3.28 (3.16–3.36)	8.17 (7.94–8.37)	<0.0001+
AST	μkat/L	0.20 (0.19–0.20)	0.69 (0.63–0.83)	0.22 (0.20–0.23)	0.80 (0.78 -0.85)	<0.0001+
ALT	μkat/L	0.13 (0.12–0.15)	1.12 (0.96–1.46)	0.18 (0.01–0.2)	1.9 (1.8–2.25)	<0.0001+
Alkaline<br>Phosphatase	μkat/L	0.83 (0.82–0.87)	2.50 (2.35+2.62)	0.93 (0.87–0.97)	2.33 (2.28–2.40)	0.0002+
Total Bilirubin	μmol/L	3.52 (3.32–3.75)	17.39 (16.28–19.70)	4.58 (4.04–4.82)	24.08 (22.50–25.89)	<0.0001+
Direct Bilirubin	μmol/L	1.50 (1.37–1.61)	4.91 (4.72–5.13)	1.86 (1.76–1.98)	7.51 (6.86–7.85)	<0.0001+
Uric acid	μmol/L	148 (136–154)	362 (350–374)	202 (184–214)	458 (446–469)	<0.0001+
LDL Cholesterol	mmol/L	1.40 (1.31–1.46)	4.65 (4.60–4.87)	1.30 (1.17–1.48)	4.82 (4.69–5.16)	0.0136+
HDL Cholesterol	mmol/L	0.92 (0.86–0.96)	2.43 (2.33–2.54)	0.68 (0.65–0.72)	1.79 (1.75–1.84)	<0.0001+
VLDL Cholesterol#	mmol/L	0.24 (0.22–0.26)	1.54 (1.39–1.6)	0.26 (0.25–0.28)	1.88 (1.74–1.99)	<0.0001+
Total Cholesterol	mmol/L	3.18 (2.96–3.30)	6.83 (6.70–7.13)	3.4 (3.36–3.47)	7.27 (7.04–8.28)	0.0019+
Triglycerides	mmol/L	0.53 (0.47–0.57)	3.36 (3.02–3.49)	0.57 (0.54–0.62)	4.10 (3.79–4.34)	<0.0001+
Total Proteins	g/L	66.3 (65.7–67.1)	80.3 (79.6–81.1)	67.4 (66.5–68.4)	83 (82.6 – 88.3)	<0.0001+
AST/ALT	--	0.52 (0.49–0.55)	2.00 (1.90–2.09)	0.38 (0.36–0.41)	1.66 (1.46–1.74)	0.0004+
FIB-4	--	0.23 (0.21–0.25)	1.62 (1.40–1.87)	0.27 (0.25–0.29)	1.67 (1.55–1.79)	<0.0001+
APRI index	--	0.12 (0.11–0.13)	0.50 (0.47–0.57)	0.12 (0.11–0.13)	0.49 (0.48–0.50)	<0.0001+*