Table 3.
Details of Mixed-Method and Qualitative Studies Included in the Systematic Review (Three Studies)
| Study | Country | Study design | Participant details | Data collection method | Data analysis approach | Quantitative results | Qualitative results (key themes) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almevall et al. (2021) | Sweden | Mixed method | 52 older adults >80 years old 61.5% female |
Quantitative: PGCMS questionnaire Qualitative: Interview |
Inductive, qualitative content analysis MM-triangulation |
Mean morale in men: 14.0 ± 1.6 Mean morale in women: 12.8 ± 2.5 PGCMS is significantly associated with age (β = 0.365, p = .038) and ADL (β = −0.394, p = .008). |
(i) Included or excluded in social context (ii) Good or declined health (iii) Physically active or passive (iv) At home or feeling homeless (v) Engagement or lack of interest (vi) Freedom or captivity |
| Miche et al. (2014) | Germany | Mixed method | 225 older adults Aged 70–88 Mean age: 77.1 ± 5.0 57.8% female |
Quantitative: questionnaires on positive affect (pa), negative effect (na), valuation of life (Freeman et al., 2016) single item question on life satisfaction (ls) Qualitative: one-page daily diary report on subjective aging experiences (SAE) |
Directed qualitative content analysis | Aggregated positive SAE is significantly associated with PA (β = 0.20, p < .05) Aggregated negative SAE is significantly associated with NA (β = 0.19, p < .05). No association between SAE and life satisfaction (β = 0.12/β = −0.09). Aggregated negative SAE associated with lower VOL (β = −0.22, p < .01). |
(i) Health and physical functioning (ii) Cognitive functioning (iii) Interpersonal relations (iv) Social–cognitive and social–emotional functioning (v) Lifestyle and engagement |
| Parsons et al. (2014) | Britain | Qualitative | 2 British cohorts 60 older adults Aged 64–79 Mean age = 74.7 |
Semistructured interview | Thematic analysis | NA | Advantages: financial security, having life experience, freedom, enjoying grandchildren and family, good health, and feeling respected by others. Disadvantages: general physical decline, slowing up, being closer to dying, having less energy, not being respected, fear of the future, being left behind as friends and family die off, having a poor memory |