TABLE 5.
The results of assessing the various catalysts’ catalytic efficacy for the synthesis of 4j a .
| Entry | Catalyst | Conditions | Time/Yield (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bakers, yeast | Room temperature | 1,440 min/84 | Kumar and Maurya (2007) |
| 2 | Hydrotalcite | Solvent-free, 80°C | 35 min/84 | Lal et al. (2012) |
| 3 | [Al(H2O)6](BF4)3 | MeCN, Reflux | 1,200 min/81 | Litvic et al. (2010) |
| 4 | Cu(BF4)2.xH2O | Room temperature | 30 min/90 | Kamal et al. (2007) |
| 5 | [Btto][p-TSA] | Solvent-free, 90°C | 30 min/96 | Zhang et al. (2015) |
| 6 | triethylammonium acetate | Solvent-free, 70°C | 45 min/90 | Attri et al. (2017) |
| 7 | saccharin | Solvent-free, 80°C | 15 min/88 | Mohamadpour et al. (2016) |
| 8 | caffeine | Solvent-free, 80°C | 25 min/91 | Mohamadpour and Lashkari (2018) |
| 9 | 3DPAFIPN | Blue LED, EtOH, rt | 5 min/97 | This work |
a
The synthesis requires three ingredients: urea, ethyl acetoacetate, and benzaldehyde.