Table 6.

Aptamer-drug conjugations with nanocarriers/nanoparticles as cancer-targeted therapeutics

Chemotherapy
Aptamer names	Type of aptamer	Drug	Nanocarriers/nanoparticles	Type of cancer	Refs.
MUC1(5TR1)	DNA	5-fluorouracil	Chitosan carbon quantum dot	Breast Cancer	[147]
		Epirubicin	Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)	Breast Cancer	[148]
		Epirubicin	Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	Colon cancer	[149]
		Doxorubicin	PEGylated liposome	Colon carcinoma	[150]
		SN-38	Chitosan nanoparticles	Colon cancer	[151]
		SN-38	Camptothecin, conjugated to hyaluronic acid	Colon cancer	[152]
		5-fluorouracil	Hyaluronan/chitosan nanoparticles	Colorectal adenocarcinoma	[153]
		Paclitaxel	Chitosan-coated human serum albumin nanoparticles	Breast cancer	[154]
5TR1 and NAS-24	DNA	Epirubicin	Selenium nanoparticles	Breast and colon cancer	[155]
MUC1 and ATP aptamer	DNA	Epirubicin	DNA diamond nanostructure	Colon carcinoma and breast cancer	[156]
AS1411		Methotrexate	Chitosan-gold nanocluster	Lung cancer	[157]
		Doxorubicin	Fe3O4@UiO-66-NH2	Breast cancer	[158]
		Doxorubicin	Polyamid-amin dendrimer grafted persistent luminescence		[159]
		5-fluorouracil	Carboxymethyl chitosan	Breast cancer	[160]
		Epigallocatechin gallate	Chitosan-silica nanoparticles	Ovarian cancer cell lines	[161]
		Erlotinib	Chitosan nanoparticles	Non-small cell lung cancer	[162]
		5-fluorouracil	Hyaluronic acid sodium salt and alginic acid sodium salt	Skin cancer	[163]
		Paclitaxel	Human serum albumin	Breast cancer	[164]
		Docetaxel	Albumin	Colon Cancer	[165]
		Doxorubicin	Albumin nanoparticles loaded on iron oxide and gold nanoparticles	Breast cancer	[166]
		Ferrocene, and purpurin	Bovine serum albumin	Breast cancer	[167]
		Doxorubicin	Bovine serum albumin	Breast cancer	[168]
AS1411 and FOXM1 Apt	DNA	Doxorubicin	Chitosan (CS)-Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)	Lung cancer	[169]
HPA aptamers (S1.5)	DNA	Paclitaxel	PEGylated PLGA nanoparticles	Triple-negative breast cancer	[170]
Anti-PSMA	RNA	Doxorubicin	Thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPIONs)	Prostate cancer	[171]
Sgc8c-aptamer	DNA	Doxorubicin	N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–gold(I) complexe	Leukemia	[172]
Anti-EpCAM aptamer	DNA	Doxorubicin	Mesoporous silica nanoparticles	Colon cancer	[173]

Radiotherapy
Aptamer names	Type of aptamer	Drug	Nanocarriers/nanoparticles	Type of cancer	Refs.
AS1411	DNA	-	Gold nanoclusters using bovine serum albumin capping agent	Breast Cancer	[104]
		Verapamil	Bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)	Glioma	[174]
GMT8	DNA	-	PEGylated Ag@Au core–shell nanoparticles (GSGNPs)	Malignant glioma	[175]

Immunotherapy
Aptamer names	Type of aptamer	Drug/others ingredient	Nanocarriers/nanoparticles	Type of cancer	Refs.
AS1411	DNA	CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid	Hyaluronic acid	Non-small cell lung cancer	[176]
		α-PD1 (engineered monoclonal antibodies against PD1)	PEG on nanomicelles	Breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma	[177]
Anti-CD16 and anti-MUC1	DNA	–	Amphipathic nanoparticles	adenocarcinomas (lung cancer and breast cancer)	[178]
PD-L1 aptamer	DNA	Fexofenadine (FEXO)	Albumin nanoparticles	Colon cancer	[179]
PD-L1 aptamer and AS1411	DNA	–	Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBs) coated with platelet membrane (PM)	Breast cancer	[180]
sTN145	RNA	PD-L1 siRNA	PLGA-based polymeric nanoparticles	Triple-negative breast cancer	[181]
APDL1(PD-L1 aptamer)	DNA	–	Gold nanorods	Non-small cell lung cancer	[182]
CTLA-4 aptamer	DNA	Fexofenadine (FEXO)	Albumin nanoparticle	Colon cancer and breast cancer	[183]
IL-4Rα aptamer	RNA	CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)	Liposome	Colon carcinoma	[184]
Endoglin aptamer (ENG-Apt)	DNA	Interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10)	Liposome -based nanocapsules	Melanoma tumor	[185]