Table 2.
Comparison of observer’s questionnaire scores between TM and 3D groups [This table should be placed below the second paragraph of the Results section]
| TM | 3D | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Junior ophthalmology residents and trainee doctors ( N = 15) | ||||
| Interest and enthusiasm in learning | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 8.7 ± 1.1 | < 0.001* | |
| Learning atmosphere and interaction | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 0.9 | < 0.001* | |
| Deep and scientific thinking | 5.9 ± 1.6 | 8.1 ± 1.0 | < 0.001* | |
| The understanding of anatomical structure | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 7.6 ± 0.9 | < 0.001* | |
| The understanding of surgical procedures | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.3 | 0.116 | |
| The understanding of surgical cooperation | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | 0.010* | |
| Active operation cooperation | 7.9 ± 1.6 | 7.6 ± 1.4 | 0.589 | |
| Surgical Instrument recognition | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 0.798 | |
| Instrument adjustment | 8.8 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.7 | < 0.001* | |
| Resolution of the surgical field | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 8.7 ± 1.1 | < 0.001* | |
| Stereoscopic sensation | 8.5 ± 1.6 | 8.3 ± 1.4 | 0.718 | |
| Magnification | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 0.002* | |
| Depth of Field | 8.3 ± 1.4 | 8.1 ± 1.6 | 0.718 | |
| Visual field | 7.6 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 0.527 | |
| Time latency between surgical interventions and their visualization | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 0.822 | |
| Comfort level of learning | 6.4 ± 1.8 | 8.8 ± 0.9 | < 0.001* | |
| General satisfaction | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 8.3 ± 1.0 | 0.006* | |
| The confidence in mastery of surgical procedures | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 6.9 ± 1.3 | 0.011* | |
| Exam Score | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 0.517 | |
| Overall score | 130.9 ± 27.4 | 150.4 ± 22.7 | 0.043 * | |
| Trainee nurses ( N = 15) | ||||
| Interest and enthusiasm in learning | 5.4 ± 2.0 | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 0.014* | |
| Learning atmosphere and interaction | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | < 0.001* | |
| Deep and scientific thinking | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 8.2 ± 1.7 | < 0.001* | |
| The understanding of anatomical structure | 4.4 ± 2.0 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 0.003* | |
| The understanding of surgical procedures | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 0.005* | |
| The understanding of surgical cooperation | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 8.4 ± 0.9 | < 0.001* | |
| Surgical Instrument recognition | 7.2 ± 1.2 | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 0.002* | |
| Instrument preparation | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 0.857 | |
| Active operation cooperation | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 0.600 | |
| The quality of surgical observation | 4.2 ± 2.1 | 8.5 ± 0.8 | < 0.001* | |
| Comfort level of learning | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | < 0.001* | |
| Visual field | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 8.2 ± 1.1 | < 0.001* | |
| Stereoscopic sensation | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 8.3 ± 1.0 | < 0.001* | |
| General satisfaction | 5.1 ± 2.0 | 8.2 ± 1.3 | < 0.001* | |
| The confidence in mastery of surgical procedures | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 0.009* | |
| Exam Score | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 1.5 | < 0.001* | |
| Overall score | 91.7 ± 25.2 | 126.8 ± 20.4 | < 0.001 * | |
| Visitors ( N = 15) | ||||
| Interest and enthusiasm in observation | 3.9 ± 2.1 | 8.1 ± 1.1 | < 0.001* | |
| Learning atmosphere and interaction | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | < 0.001* | |
| Deep and scientific thinking | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 8.0 ± 1.3 | < 0.001* | |
| The understanding of anatomical structure | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 7.6 ± 1.7 | < 0.001* | |
| The understanding of surgical procedures | 4.1 ± 1.4 | 7.7 ± 1.5 | < 0.001* | |
| The quality of surgical observation | 4.2 ± 1.2 | 8.1 ± 1.1 | < 0.001* | |
| Visual field | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 1.8 | < 0.001* | |
| Stereoscopic sensation | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 8.2 ± 1.0 | < 0.001* | |
| General satisfaction | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | < 0.001* | |
| Overall score | 34.9 ± 12.4 | 71.0 ± 12.6 | < 0.001 * | |
*P < 0.05
Abbreviations TM, traditional microscopic; 3D, three-dimensional