TABLE 4.

Statistics on skin manifestations in patients with arsenic poisoning.

Year	Patient	Cause of poisoning dermal	Manifestation of toxicity	Author
1955	A case of syphilis in a 48-year-old male	Neoarsphenamine treatment	Rashes all over the body with itching, followed by higher fever and denser rash	Qian et al. (1965a)
1950–1965	20 patients with arsenic dermatitis	Arsenic causes dermatitis	Reactions such as Herxheimer’s reaction, day 9 erythema, warning signs, and generalized exfoliative dermatitis occurred	Qian et al. (1965b)
1974	74 patients with acute, subacute, and chronic poisoning	Taking certain brands of herbal preparations from Singapore (containing inorganic arsenic compounds)	The majority (92%) showed skin manifestations	Tay (1974)
1999	A woman with acute arsenic poisoning	Ingestion of 8 ± 16 g sodium arsenite	Erythroderma with vesicles and pustules	Bartolomé et al. (1999)
2019	A 73-year-old male of Cantonese origin	Daily consumption of homemade traditional medicine “herbal balls” (including arsenic) for 5 years	The patient developed hyperkeratosis on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands, scattered actinic keratosis pilaris lesions on the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the hands, and freckles on the torso	Spilchuk et al. (2019)
2020	A male patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia	ATO therapy	Severe skin rash	Zheng et al. (2021)
2020	A 60-year-old man from Guangdong	Irregular use of homemade traditional digestive herbs (contains more than 80 kinds)	He presented with skin discoloration on the trunk for 5 years and raised lesions on the palm for 3 years. Finally, he died from chronic arsenic poisoning	Teng (2020)
2021	202 cases of arsenism caused by coal-burning	Arsenic poisoning caused by burning coal in Yuzhang of Qianxinan prefecture, Guizhou province	All patients had different degrees of skin damage, and 84 of them had severe skin damage	Liu et al. (2021)