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. 2024 Mar 13;12:e17061. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17061

Table 2. The relevant herbs and traditional medicines.

TCM formula Impact on gut microbiota Impact on cognitive function Reference
Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Prevotellaceae and its genus Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, and Parasutterella Suppressed Aβ accumulation, harnessed neuroinflammation, and reversed cognitive impairment Gu et al. (2021)
Liuwei Dihuang Bolus  Bacteroides and Parabacteroides  Acidiphilium Delayed ageing processes, improved cognitive impairments, and balanced the neuroendocrine immunomodulation system Wang et al. (2019b)
Xiao yao san Alpha diversity and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae Improved cognitive function, including shortened escaped latency and increased number platforms crossed Hao et al. (2021)
Morinda officinalis How g_fnorank_f_Clostridiales_vadinBB60 group, g_Peptococcus, and g_Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 ↓ Alleviated memory impairment, reduced toxic Aβ1–42 deposition and neuroinflammation Xie et al. (2020)
Icariin (ICA) combined with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Adlercreutzia ↓ Improved the symptoms of AD patients Zhang et al. (2020)
Shu Dihuang Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidia ↑ Firmicutes and Bacill ↓ Improved cognitive dysfunction and brain pathological changes Su et al. (2023)
Chaihu Shugan San The relative abundance of L. reuteri significantly ↑ the relative abundance of S. xylosus improved the memory deficits and the learning function and ameliorated neuronal injury, synaptic injury, and Aβ deposition in the brain of SAMP8 mice Li et al. (2023)