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. 2024 Mar 13;12:e17061. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17061

Table 2. The relevant herbs and traditional medicines.

TCM formula Impact on gut microbiota Impact on cognitive function Reference
Huanglian Jiedu Decoction Prevotellaceae and its genus Prevotellaceae_UCG-001↑, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, and Parasutterella↑ Suppressed Aβ accumulation, harnessed neuroinflammation, and reversed cognitive impairment Gu et al. (2021)
Liuwei Dihuang Bolus  Bacteroides and Parabacteroides ↓ Acidiphilium↑ Delayed ageing processes, improved cognitive impairments, and balanced the neuroendocrine immunomodulation system Wang et al. (2019b)
Xiao yao san Alpha diversity and the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae↑ Improved cognitive function, including shortened escaped latency and increased number platforms crossed Hao et al. (2021)
Morinda officinalis How g_fnorank_f_Clostridiales_vadinBB60 group, g_Peptococcus, and g_Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009 ↓ Alleviated memory impairment, reduced toxic Aβ1–42 deposition and neuroinflammation Xie et al. (2020)
Icariin (ICA) combined with Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Adlercreutzia ↓ Improved the symptoms of AD patients Zhang et al. (2020)
Shu Dihuang Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidia ↑ Firmicutes and Bacill ↓ Improved cognitive dysfunction and brain pathological changes Su et al. (2023)
Chaihu Shugan San The relative abundance of L. reuteri significantly ↑ the relative abundance of S. xylosus↓ improved the memory deficits and the learning function and ameliorated neuronal injury, synaptic injury, and Aβ deposition in the brain of SAMP8 mice Li et al. (2023)