Fig. 7.

Antioxidant effect of flavonoids by reducing free radical-mediated neurotoxicity and lipid peroxidation. Flavonoids block the conversion of free radicals, resulting in protection from frradical-mediated cell damage. Moreover, flavonoids can block lactate dehydrogenase, which is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate from lactate, in relation to the oxidative reactions: Aspartate transaminase (AST); Alkaline phosphatase (ALP); Alanine transmitase (ALT); Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA).