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. 2023 May 27;20(1):280–292. doi: 10.1007/s12024-023-00648-9

Table 2.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

a) Studies that assess differences in lip pattern between sexes

b) Studies estimating sex based on lip pattern

Exclusion criteria

a) Studies that do not assess differences in lip pattern between sexes or that do not study the potential of cheiloscopy in sex estimation

b) Studies that do not directly relate lip prints to sex

c) Reviews

d) Letters to the editor

e) Abstract not available

f) Full text not available