Table 3.
Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance markers among first antenatal care users and children
| All | First ANC | Children | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | Haplotype/marker | n/N (%) | n/N (%) | n/N (%) | p |
| pfk13 | |||||
| 446-458-476-493 | 0/343 (0.0%) | 0/260 (0.0%) | 0/83 (0.0%) | 1.00 | |
| 539-543-553-561-574-580 | 0/341 (0.0%) | 0/258 (0.0%) | 0/83 (0.0%) | 1.00 | |
| pfdhps | |||||
| I431V | 0/374 (0.0%) | 0/284 (0%) | 0/90 (0.0%) | 1.00 | |
| A437G | 351/365 (96.2%) | 266/276 (96.4%) | 85/89 (95.5%) | 0.96 | |
| K540E | 335/355 (94.4%) | 256/269 (95.2%) | 79/86 (91.9%) | 0.37 | |
| A581G | 0/372 (0.0%) | 0/283 (0.0%) | 0/89 (0.0%) | 1.00 | |
| double 437-540 | 285/300 (95.0%) | 220/231 (95.2%) | 65/69 (94.2%) | 0.75 | |
| pfdhfr | |||||
| N51I | 349/352 (99.1%) | 261/264 (98.9%) | 88/88 (100%) | 0.58 | |
| C59R | 333/337 (98.8%) | 247/251 (98.4%) | 86/86 (100%) | 0.58 | |
| S108N | 350/353 (99.2%) | 265/268 (98.9%) | 85/85 (100%) | 1.00 | |
| triple 51-59-108 | 282/286 (98.6%) | 210/214 (98.1%) | 72/72 (100%) | 0.58 | |
| pfdhps-pfdhfr | |||||
| quíntuple 51-59-108-437-540 | 233/245 (95.1%) | 179/187 (95.7%) | 54/58 (93.1%) | 0.49 | |
| pfmdr1 | |||||
| N86Y | 4/335 (1.2%) | 3/255 (1.2%) | 1/80 (1.3%) | 1.00 | |
| F184Y | 251/333 (75.4%) | 194/252 (77.0%) | 57/81 (70.1%) | 0.38 | |
| D1246Y | 1/377 (0.3%) | 1/287 (0.3%) | 0/90 (0.0%) | 1.00 | |
| pfcrt | |||||
| 72-76 CVIET | 4/357 (1.1%) | 1/273 (0.4%) | 3/84 (3.6%) | 0.042 | |
n number of individuals carrying a mutant allele, N total individuals with a valid call. In individuals carrying multiple different genotypes at a given locus, both alleles are considered valid if eMOI>1.1, otherwise only the major allele is included. p values from Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher exact test of difference in proportion between ANC and children, depending on sample size.