Figure 2.

Dogs’ responses to different scenarios anticipated to elicit emotions varying from positive to negative valence and low to high arousal during the pilot study. Individual dog responses are indicated by mean valence and arousal ratings provided by two trained dog behaviour coders, with 80% confidence (data) ellipses for each scenario. Valence was scored on a scale from 1 (very negative) to 7 (very positive), and arousal scored from 1 (very low) to 7 (very high), with the midpoint (4) indicated.