Table 6.
State anxiety scores by education level (Wilcoxon signed rank test).
| State score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p-value | p-value | ||
| CG | EH (n = 13) | 51.6 (14.2) | 43.8 (8.6) | 42.6 (10.0) | .036* | .084 |
| CU (n = 18) | 40.9 (11.6) | 33.6 (8.7) | 37.8 (11.4) | .016* | .191 | |
| EH vs. CU (p-value) | .060a | .005**a | .221a | |||
| EG | EH (n = 8) | 52.5 (8.6) | 47.1 (9.9) | 44.1 (8.9) | .399 | .028* |
| CU (n = 22) | 47.0 (12.8) | 37.4 (12.0) | 41.0 (13.8) | .005** | .031* | |
| EH vs. CU (p-value) | .231a | .046*a | .313a | |||
| CG vs. EG | EH (p-value) | .690a | .537a | .611a | ||
| CU (p-value) | .161a | .320a | .531a | |||
* p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001; aMann–Whitney U test; bAnalysis of covariance; SD: standard deviation; EH, elementary to high school; CU, college or university; CG: control group; EG: experimental group.