Table 2. Baseline cohort characteristics.
| Patient variable | Pre-ERAS (n=193) | Post-ERAS (n=249) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 72 [37] | 96 [39] | 0.79 |
| Race | 0.33 | ||
| Asian | 6 [3.1] | 4 [1.6] | |
| Black | 3 [1.6] | 9 [3.6] | |
| Other | 3 [1.6] | 7 [2.8] | |
| White | 180 [94] | 229 [92] | |
| Hispanic or Latino ethnicity | 9 [4.7] | 13 [5.2] | 0.80 |
| Age (years) | 65 [10] | 66 [10] | 0.45 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 [5.7] | 29 [7.3] | 0.53 |
| Preoperative FEV1 (% predicted) | 84.9 [19.7] | 83.3 [19.0] | 0.42 |
| Zubrod ECOG score | 0.07 | ||
| 0 | 122 [63] | 175 [71] | |
| 1 | 60 [31] | 68 [27] | |
| 2 | 11 [5.7] | 5 [2.0] | |
| Functional status† | 0.16 | ||
| Independent | 45 [94] | 231 [93] | |
| Partially dependent | 2 [4.2] | 17 [6.9] | |
| Totally dependent | 1 [2.1] | 0 | |
| Hypertension | 130 [67] | 148 [59] | 0.09 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3 [1.6] | 5 [2.0] | 0.27 |
| Coronary artery disease | 42 [22] | 43 [17] | 0.23 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 6 [3.1] | 5 [2.0] | 0.54 |
| Diabetes | 34 [18] | 39 [16] | 0.58 |
| Cigarette smoking | 0.97 | ||
| Current | 56 [29] | 70 [28] | |
| Former | 107 [55] | 141 [57] | |
| Never | 30 [16] | 38 [15] | |
| ASA classification | 0.030 | ||
| II | 32 [17] | 25 [10] | |
| III | 150 [78] | 217 [87] | |
| IV | 11 [5.7] | 7 [2.8] | |
| Disease category | 0.008 | ||
| Non-cancer | 17 [8.8] | 43 [18] | |
| Cancer | 176 [91] | 202 [82] | |
| Procedure | 0.014 | ||
| Lobectomy | 127 [66] | 140 [56] | |
| Segmentectomy | 5 [2.6] | 22 [8.8] | |
| Bilobectomy | 1 [0.5] | 4 [1.6] | |
| Wedge resection | 60 [31] | 83 [33] | |
| Procedure group | 0.62 | ||
| Anatomic | 133 [69] | 166 [67] | |
| Non-anatomic | 60 [31] | 83 [33] | |
| Primary lobe‡ | 0.28 | ||
| Upper | 83 [54] | 113 [58] | |
| Middle | 9 [5.8] | 17 [8.7] | |
| Lower | 63 [41] | 65 [33] | |
| Operative approach | <0.001 | ||
| VATS | 175 [91] | 136 [55] | |
| Robotic | 18 [9.3] | 113 [45] |
Data are presented as number of patients with corresponding percentage [%] or mean [standard deviation]. †, there are 146 missing for this variable, which is why the numbers do not sum to the column totals. The numbers and percentages are correct as they are based on the data that are available. ‡, lobe data not collected for benign or metastatic disease. There were 38 (20%) unspecified lung resections in the pre-ERAS group and 54 (22%) in the ERAS group. ERAS, enhanced recovery after surgery; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.