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. 2024 Jan 11;97(3):253–262. doi: 10.1007/s00420-023-02039-7

Table 2.

Difference-in-differences model for changes in employment participation in the years before and after starting WABC (n = 35 persons, 2520 observations) compared to changes in employment participation among welfare recipients receiving regular employment services (n = 37 persons, 2565 observations)

Employment participation % points (se)
WABC group Control group Difference between groups
Unadjusted model Adjusted model^
Employment participation at baseline 18.77 (3.29) 39.14 (5.32) − 19.52 (6.15)* − 21.99 (6.91)*
Yearly change before WABC/employment services 2.12 (0.62)* 2.06 (0.94)* 1.09 (1.21) 1.64 (1.21)
Step-change in the year of starting WABC/employment services − 4.21 (2.82) 2.61 (3.78) − 6.01 (4.22) − 5.38 (4.24)
Yearly change after starting WABC/employment services 15.34 (1.75)* 5.63 (1.96)* 11.77 (2.34)* 11.87 (2.36)*

*p < 0.05 significant difference between intervention and control group

^Adjusted for age, sex, education, migration background, and household characteristics (marital status and children)