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. 2024 Mar 18;14:6422. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56627-9

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of children with persistent diarrhea before, during, and after treatment.

Characteristic Control group (N = 41) Clausy group (N = 40) p value
Before treatment During and after treatment Before treatment During and after treatment Before treatment During and after treatment
Day 0 Day 3 Day 5 Day 0 Day 3 Day 5 Day 0 Day 3 Day 5
Age (months)
 3 ≤ x ≤ 12, n (%) 40 (97.56) 38 (95.00) 0.62a
 12 < x ≤ 24, n (%) 1 (2.44) 2 (5.00)
Gender
 Male, n (%) 24 (58.54) 22 (55.00) 0.75b
 Female, n (%) 17 (41.46) 18 (45.00)
Covid-19 infection
 Mother, n (%) 22 (53.66) 24 (60.00) 0.56b
 Children, n (%) 4 (9.76) 3 (7.50)  > 0.9999a
Weight
 Average ± SD 7.24 ± 1.34 7.26 ± 1.34 7.3 ± 1.32 7.03 ± 1.22 7.06 ± 1.21 7.08 ± 1.21 0.44c 0.46c 0.42c
Weight for age Z-score
 < −2SD, n (%) 1 (2.44) 0 (0.00)  > 0.9999a
 ≥ −2SD and ≤ 2SD, n (%) 40 (97.56) 40 (100)  > 0.9999a
 > 2SD, n (%) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00)
Height
 Average ± SD 64.63 ± 4.82 64.83 ± 4.09 0.85d
Height for age Z-score
 < −2SD, n (%) 1 (2.44) 0 (000)  > 0.9999a
 ≥ −2SD and ≤ 2SD, n (%) 39 (95.12) 40 (100) 0.49a
 > 2SD, n (%) 1 (2.44) 0 (0.00)  > 0.9999a
Typical symptoms
 Median days of persistent diarrhea before treatment 17 16 0.63c
 Median stools a day 6 4 3 6 4 2 0.43c 0.06c  < 0.0001c
 Stools a day of ≥ 3, n (%) 41 (100) 36 (87.8) 34 (82.93) 40 (100) 32 (80.0) 15 (37.5)  > 0.9999a 0.34b 0.0001b
 3–5 stools a day 18 (43.90) 25 (60.98) 30 (73.17) 18 (45) 27 (67.5) 15 (37.5) 0.92b 0.54b 0.0016b
 6–7 stools a day 16 (39.02) 10 (24.39) 4 (9.76) 15 (37.5) 5 (12.5) 0 (0.00) 0.89b 0.18b 0.12a
 ≥ 8 stools a day 7 (17.07) 1 (2.44) 0 (0.00) 7 (17.5) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0.96b  > 0.9999a

 Presence of fecal mucus,

n (%)

39 (95.12) 37 (90.24) 30 (73.17) 39 (97.50) 26 (65.0) 18 (45.0)  > 0.9999a 0.008a 0.01b

 Diaper stool types 4-5B,

n (%)

38 (92.68) 33 (80.49) 21 (51.22) 32 (80.0) 20 (50.0) 10 (25.0) 0.12a 0.19b 0.02b

aFisher’s Exact test; bChi-Square test; c Mann–Whitney test; d t-test.

Significant values are in bold.