Table 6.
Results of comparing dual role attitudes across demographic characteristics.
| Demographics | Consumer role | Citizen role | Comparison | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD | Median | M ± SD | Median | ||
| Male | 52.52 ± 4.880 | 52.00 | 55.37 ± 4.623 | 55.00 | Z = − 3.396, P < 0.001 |
| Female | 64.93 ± 4.863 | 65.00 | 61.80 ± 4.518 | 62.00 | Z = − 4.753, P < 0.001 |
| 18–20 years | 60.30 ± 4.219 | 61.00 | 61.05 ± 3.927 | 61.00 | Z = − 1.147, P = 0.147 |
| 21–30 years | 58.71 ± 4.678 | 59.00 | 59.08 ± 4.500 | 59.00 | Z = − 3.171, P = 0.002 |
| 31–40 years | 57.43 ± 5.059 | 58.00 | 57.61 ± 4.742 | 58.00 | Z = − 3.967, P < 0.001 |
| 41–50 years | 58.35 ± 5.006 | 58.00 | 57.52 ± 4.776 | 58.00 | Z = − 3.314, P = 0.002 |
| 51–60 years | 58.98 ± 4.845 | 59.00 | 58.54 ± 4.278 | 59.00 | Z = − 1.400, P = 0.001 |
| 61–70 years | 61.69 ± 4.729 | 62.00 | 60.32 ± 4.325 | 60.00 | Z = − 3.242, P = 0.002 |
| Junior middle school and below | 57.72 ± 4.454 | 58.00 | 56.73 ± 4.083 | 57.00 | Z = − 3.923, P < 0.001 |
| High school | 57.95 ± 4.922 | 58.00 | 57.46 ± 4.908 | 58.00 | Z = − 2.549, P = 0.011 |
| Junior college | 58.69 ± 4.714 | 59.00 | 58.60 ± 4.439 | 59.00 | Z = − 2.249, P = 0.032 |
| Undergraduate | 58.81 ± 5.259 | 58.00 | 58.64 ± 4.935 | 59.00 | Z = − 3.917, P < 0.001 |
| Postgraduate | 58.89 ± 4.438 | 60.00 | 61.88 ± 3.698 | 61.00 | Z = − 2.981, P = 0.003 |
| < US $500 | 54.71 ± 5.144 | 55.00 | 55.31 ± 5.564 | 56.00 | Z = − 6.583, P < 0.001 |
| US $501–1000 | 55.85 ± 4.675 | 56.00 | 56.53 ± 4.655 | 57.00 | Z = − 7.556, P < 0.001 |
| US $1001–1500 | 57.31 ± 4.354 | 57.00 | 58.66 ± 4.205 | 59.00 | Z = − 4.093, P < 0.001 |
| US $1501–2000 | 64.22 ± 4.432 | 64.00 | 61.12 ± 3.687 | 61.00 | Z = − 4.691, P < 0.001 |
| > US $2000 | 74.36 ± 4.516 | 74.00 | 69.29 ± 3.659 | 69.00 | Z = − 4.845, P < 0.001 |
| Urban area | 59.17 ± 5.135 | 59.00 | 60.48 ± 4.968 | 60.00 | Z = − 2.979, P = 0.003 |
| Rural area | 57.24 ± 4.344 | 57.00 | 54.74 ± 3.677 | 55.00 | Z = − 3.865, P < 0.001 |
| Unemployed | 53.04 ± 4.153 | 53.00 | 55.86 ± 3.532 | 56.00 | Z = − 8.009, P < 0.001 |
| Student | 60.30 ± 4.904 | 60.00 | 63.34 ± 4.589 | 63.00 | Z = − 5.964, P < 0.001 |
| Farmer | 53.89 ± 4.050 | 54.00 | 52.88 ± 4.064 | 53.00 | Z = − 3.343, P = 0.001 |
| Self-employed | 59.23 ± 4.428 | 59.00 | 57.54 ± 4.056 | 58.00 | Z = − 4.318, P < 0.001 |
| Employed | 58.55 ± 5.171 | 59.00 | 58.03 ± 4.985 | 58.00 | Z = − 3.956, P < 0.001 |
| Retired | 64.15 ± 5.197 | 64.00 | 61.98 ± 5.965 | 62.00 | Z = − 3.181, P = 0.001 |