Table 2.
Adversarial text attack levels and corresponding text modification examples.
| Adversarial text attack level | Original text | Modified text |
|---|---|---|
| Character-level | "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." | "The quxck b!own fox jumps ov3r the 14zy d@g." |
| Word-level | "The movie was really good." | "The movie was quite bad." |
| Sentence-level | "Climate change is a global concern. We must take action to reduce carbon emissions." | "Climate change isn't a concern. There's no need to reduce carbon emissions." |
Significant values are in bold and underline.