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. 2024 Mar 17;14:6420. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56259-z

Table 2.

Adversarial text attack levels and corresponding text modification examples.

Adversarial text attack level Original text Modified text
Character-level "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." "The quxck b!own fox jumps ov3r the 14zy d@g."
Word-level "The movie was really good." "The movie was quite bad."
Sentence-level "Climate change is a global concern. We must take action to reduce carbon emissions." "Climate change isn't a concern. There's no need to reduce carbon emissions."

Significant values are in bold and underline.