FIGURE 4.

DHM reduces DNA methylation age and predicted wrinkle grade, epigenetic predictors of the skin aging phenotype. Association between DNA methylation age and (A) visual age and (B) skin elasticity, adjusting for the influence of the chronological age using a skin specific clock (Bormann et al., 2016). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and significance (p) are depicted. DHM reduces the DNA methylation age of cultured primary human keratinocytes determined (C) by the Skin & Blood clock (Horvath et al., 2018) and (D) the newly established human epidermis clock. (E) Induced reduction of the predicted wrinkle grade upon DHM treatment determined with the recently established wrinkle predictor (see accompanying manuscript by Bienkowska et al.). Every symbol represents an individual cell line from an independent donor. *p < 0.05 (Wilcoxon rank-sum test).