Table 2.
Univariable comparisons of clinical features prior to COVID-19 and outcomes between infected IIM patients requiring and not requiring COVID-19-related hospitalization.
| Overall (n=463) | No hospitalization (n=398) | Hospitalization (n=65) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 52.1 (12.8) | 51.0 (12.9) | 59.2 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.081 | |||
| Female | 337 (72.8%) | 296 (74.4%) | 41 (63.1%) | |
| Male | 126 (27.2%) | 102 (25.6%) | 24 (36.9%) | |
| Disease duration, years | 3.6 (3.0) | 3.6 (2.8) | 3.7 (3.8) | 0.845 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 393 (84.9%) | 332 (83.4%) | 61 (93.8%) | 0.047 |
| Family oxygen supplement | 46 (9.9%) | 27 (6.8%) | 19 (29.2%) | <0.001 |
| MSAs-gauged IIM subtypes | <0.001 | |||
| Anti-MDA5 DM | 201 (43.4%) | 187 (47.0%) | 14 (21.5%) | |
| ASyS | 150 (32.4%) | 109 (27.4%) | 41 (63.1%) | |
| IMNM | 21 (4.5%) | 20 (5.0%) | 1 (1.5%) | |
| Other DM | 91 (19.7%) | 82 (20.6%) | 9 (13.8%) | |
| Vaccination | 0.018 | |||
| Incomplete (0-1 dose) | 317 (68.5%) | 263 (66.1%) | 54 (83.1%) | |
| Full (2 doses) | 86 (18.6%) | 78 (19.6%) | 8 (12.3%) | |
| Booster (3 doses or more) | 60 (13.0%) | 57 (14.3%) | 3 (4.6%) | |
| IIM disease activity (PtGA) | <0.001 | |||
| Remission | 182 (39.3%) | 173 (43.5%) | 9 (13.8%) | |
| Low | 192 (41.5%) | 167 (42.0%) | 25 (38.5%) | |
| Moderate | 73 (15.8%) | 50 (12.6%) | 23 (35.4%) | |
| High | 16 (3.5%) | 8 (2.0%) | 8 (12.3%) | |
| Prednisone, mg/day | 10.2 (10.8) | 8.7 (8.8) | 19.3 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Prednisone dose>10mg per day | 129 (27.9%) | 86 (21.6%) | 43 (66.2%) | <0.001 |
| Withdrawn of GC | 52 (11.2%) | 51 (12.8%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.014 |
| No. of immunosuppressant | 0.010 | |||
| None | 76 (16.4%) | 68 (17.1%) | 8 (12.3%) | |
| Mono | 337 (72.8%) | 294 (73.9%) | 43 (66.2%) | |
| Combined | 50 (10.8%) | 36 (9.0%) | 14 (21.5%) | |
| Type of immunosuppressant | 0.352 | |||
| None | 76 (16.4%) | 68 (17.1%) | 8 (12.3%) | |
| JAK inhibitor | 241 (52.1%) | 210 (52.8%) | 31 (47.7%) | |
| Sole csDMARDs | 115 (24.8%) | 96 (24.1%) | 19 (29.2%) | |
| Rituximab | 29 (6.3%) | 22 (5.5%) | 7 (10.8%) | |
| Tocilizumab | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| No. of comorbidity | <0.001 | |||
| None | 279 (60.3%) | 254 (63.8%) | 25 (38.5%) | |
| One | 130 (28.1%) | 107 (26.9%) | 23 (35.4%) | |
| Two or more | 54 (11.7%) | 37 (9.3%) | 17 (26.2%) | |
| Smoker | 0.394 | |||
| Never | 402 (86.8%) | 349 (87.7%) | 53 (81.5%) | |
| Ever | 45 (9.7%) | 36 (9.0%) | 9 (13.8%) | |
| Current | 16 (3.5%) | 13 (3.3%) | 3 (4.6%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 (3.6) | 23.7 (3.7) | 24.3 (3.1) | 0.253 |
| BMI>28 | 52 (11.2%) | 44 (11.1%) | 8 (12.3%) | 0.767 |
| Severe COVID-19 | 19 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (29.2%) | <0.001 |
| Death | 10 (2.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (15.4%) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean (SD), or n (%). COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; IIM, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy; MSA, myositis-specific antibody; MDA5; melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5; DM, dermatomyositis; ASyS, anti-synthetase syndrome; IMNM, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy; PtGA, patient’s global assessment; GC, glucocorticoid; JAK, Janus kinase; csDMARDs, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; BMI, Body Mass Index.
P-values<0.05 are highlighted in bold.